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A study of the stress field generated by the contact between a sphere and a flat plate for a simplified model of deep-groove ball bearing
Un estudio del campo de tensión generado por el contacto entre una esfera y una placa plana para un modelo simplificado de rodamientos rígidos de bolas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v40n2.79469Keywords:
Hertz contact stress, FEM model, deep-groove ball bearing, surface contact, (en)Estrés por contacto de Hertz, modelo FEM, rodamiento rígido de bolas, contacto superficial, (es)
Bearings are mechanical elements capable of transferring motion between two or more parts in a machine. When an external load is applied, the rolling elements and their rings tend to initiate a cyclical movement between themselves. Hence, they are linked by a variable type of contact, thus creating high surface stresses. As these elements are subjected to millions of cycles within their lifespan, these cyclical stresses may create cracks and cause failure by rolling contact fatigue (RCF). Due to the importance of this subject, it is vital to study the stress field caused by contact between the rolling parts in a bearing. This paper offers two approaches on the cyclical stresses in a deep-groove ball bearing: an analytical approach, using Hertz’s theory for contact stresses; and a numerical simulation, using the Finite Element Method (FEM) with the software Inventor and Nastran In-CAD. The results of both approaches were compared, and stress behavior was analyzed as the depth of the inner ring was increased. It was concluded that the surface stresses are greatly superior than the strength of the materials used in the bearings, and that the area influenced by these stresses are small when compared to the dimensions of the whole.
Los rodamientos son elementos mecánicos capaces de transferir movimiento entre dos o más partes en una máquina. Cuando se aplica una carga externa, los elementos rodantes y sus anillos tienden a iniciar un movimiento cíclico entre ellos. Por lo tanto, están vinculados por un tipo variable de contacto, creando altas tensiones superficiales. Como estos elementos están sujetos a millones de ciclos en su vida útil, estas tensiones cíclicas pueden crear grietas y causar fallas debido a la fatiga por contacto. Debido a la importancia de este tema, es vital estudiar el campo de tensión causado por el contacto entre las partes rodantes en un rodamiento. Este documento ofrece dos enfoques sobre las tensiones cíclicas en un rodamiento rígido de bolas: un enfoque analítico, utilizando la teoría de Hertz para las tensiones de contacto; y una simulación numérica, utilizando el Método de Elementos Finitos con el software Inventor y Nastran In-CAD. Los resultados de ambos enfoques se compararon y se analizó el comportamiento de las tensiones a medida que aumentaba la profundidad del anillo interior. Se llegó a la conclusión de que las tensiones superficiales son muy superiores a la resistencia de los materiales utilizados en los rodamientos, y que el área influenciada por estas tensiones es pequeña en comparación con las dimensiones del conjunto.
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