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Optimal Coordination of Active Generators in a Grid-Connected Microgrid
Coordinación Óptima de Generadores Activos en una Microrred Interconectada
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v40n3.82665Keywords:
distributed active generators, energy storage equalization, energy management systems, microgrids (en)generadores activos distribuidos, ecualización de sistemas de almacenamiento de energía, sistemas de gestión de energía, microrredes (es)
In a microgrid composed of distributed active generators based on renewable energy sources, with heterogeneous features and generation profiles, the availability of the energy resource, the energy reserve capacity, and the degradation of the storage unit, define the constraints for the management and dispatch of each active generator. This can result in sub-optimal use of distributed energy resources in comparison with the operation of a single generation unit. However, under the current trend oriented to distributed installations, the overall operation could be improved if an aggregated operation is considered within the management level. This paper proposes a coordinated operation of the storage units associated with distributed active generators for a hybrid grid-connected microgrid. In order to optimize the use of the active generators, including the equalization of the state of charge of the storage units, a mathematical model is proposed. This model tries to avoid uneven degradation of the storage units, and, consequently, enhance the reserve capacity and reduce the depth of discharge by achieving the operation of the distributed system as a unified system. The simulations are carried out in GAMS and MATLAB in order to validate the system’s operation. The results show a better performing grid-connected microgrid with the proposed approach.
En una microrred compuesta por generadores activos distribuidos basados en fuentes de energıa renovables con caracterısticas heterogéneas y diferencias en sus perfiles de generación, la disponibilidad del recurso energético, la capacidad de reserva de energıa y la degradación de la unidad de almacenamiento definen las limitaciones para la gestión y despacho de cada generador activo. Esto puede resultar en un uso subóptimo de los recursos de energıa distribuida en comparación con la operación de una unidad de generación única. Sin embargo, bajo la tendencia actual orientada a instalaciones distribuidas, la operación general podrıa mejorarse si se considera una operación agregada dentro del nivel de gestión. Este documento propone una operación coordinada de las unidades de almacenamiento asociadas con generadores activos distribuidos para una microrred hıbrida conectada a la red. Se propone un modelo matemático para optimizar el uso de los generadores activos, incluida la ecualización del estado de carga de los sistemas de almacenamiento. Este modelo intenta evitar la degradación desigual de dichas unidades de almacenamiento y, en consecuencia, mejorar la capacidad de reserva y reducir su profundidad de descarga al lograr que el sistema distribuido opere como un sistema unificado. Las simulaciones se desarrollan en GAMS y MATLAB con el objetivo de validar la operación del sistema. Los resultados muestran un mejor desempeño de la microrred interconectada con el enfoque propuesto.
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