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Refining of the solid fraction of sheep feces digestates from an anaerobic digester
Refinación de la fracción sólida de digestatos de excretas de ovejas proveniente de un digestor anaerobio
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v40n2.83364Keywords:
biodigester, organic matter, earthworm, vermicompost (en)biodigestor, lombriz de tierra, materia orgánica, vermicompostaje (es)
Anaerobic digestion is a technology used in the degradation of organic waste, with the possibility of obtaining products such as biogas and digestates, which have significant nutrient concentrations. However, using them without any prior treatment can cause various problems, due to the presence of unstabilized organic matter and excessive concentrations of nutrients reaching phytotoxic levels, as well as water and air contamination. Therefore, in this work, we present a refining process of solid digestates from a biodigester fed with sheep feces, by means of vermicomposting, in combination with plant waste, and using earthworms of the species E. andrei and E. fetida. The digestate values at the end of the vermicomposting showed to be within optimal ranges of electrical conductivity, with values ≤4 dS/m. The pH values were between 5,39 and 7. The percentage of organic matter was between 20 and 50%. It could be proven that the refining process increased the concentration of K for groups F 50:50, F 75:25, and A 75:25, with a value of P = 0,0001. Treatments with E. fetida showed the highest concentrations (g/L) of N = 2,71 ± 1,10, P = 0,89 ± 0,69 and K = 4,01 ± 1,57. The importance of giving added value to the products generated during anaerobic digestion processes contributes to better yields and quality in their use and commercialization.
La digestión anaeróbica es una tecnología utilizada en la degradación de los residuos orgánicos, con la posibilidad de obtener productos como biogás y digestatos, los cuales tienen concentraciones significativas de nutrientes. Sin embargo, usarlos sin ningún tratamiento previo puede causar varios problemas debido a la presencia de materia orgánica no estabilizada y concentraciones excesivas de nutrientes que alcanzan niveles fitotóxicos, así como la contaminación del agua y el aire. Por lo tanto, en este trabajo, presentamos un proceso de refinación de digestatos sólidos de un biodigestor alimentado con heces de oveja, mediante vermicompostaje, en combinación con desechos de plantas y utilizando lombrices de tierra de las especies E. andrei y E. fetida. Los valores de digestato al final del vermicompostaje mostraron estar dentro de los rangos óptimos de conductividad eléctrica, con valores ≤4 dS/m. Los valores de pH estuvieron entre 5,39 y 7. El porcentaje de materia orgánica estuvo entre 20 y 50 %. Se podría demostrar que el proceso de refinación aumentó la concentración de K para los grupos F 50:50, F 75:25 y A 75:25, con un valor de P = 0,0001. Los tratamientos con E. fetida mostraron las concentraciones (g/L) más altas de N = 2,71 ± 1,10, P = 0,89 ± 0,69 y K = 4,01 ± 1,57. La importancia de dar un valor agregado a los productos generados durante procesos de digestión anaerobia contribuye a mejores rendimientos y calidad en su uso o comercialización.
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Copyright (c) 2020 Jose Aurelio Sosa Olivier, Jose Ramon Laines Canepa
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