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Embedded Discrete Fracture Networks to Analyze Groundwater Inflows during Tunnel Drilling
Redes de fracturas discretas embebidas para el análisis de infiltraciones de agua subterránea durante la excavación de túneles
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v42n1.89889Keywords:
Discrete Fracture Networks, Groundwater Inflows, Numerical Model, Tunnel. (en)Redes de Fracturas Discretas, Flujo de agua subterranea, Modelacion numerica, Tunel. (es)
Tunnels commonly go through fracture zones that used to be analyzed as an equivalent porous medium with homogeneous permeability. However, it is a rough simplification that overlooks the connection triggered by underground works in fractured massifs. This study introduces the use of synthetic discrete fracture networks (DFN) to analyze groundwater inflows through tunnel excavation in a fractured zone considering the daily advance of the drilling front. First, a hypothetical case with six different settings varying the fracture density, the fracture length, and the aperture distribution is analyzed. Each setting has about 100 iterations. DFN hydraulic properties were estimated and compared with previous DFN studies, displaying the same behavior even though the magnitude of the estimated parameters differs. As an application example, structural measurements of the Alaska fault zone in the La Linea massif (Colombia) are used to obtain the statistical parameters of the fracture length and aperture distributions to generate the DFN. Five settings varying the fracture density are built, obtaining measured and simulated groundwater inflows of the same order of magnitude. These results highlight the potential of the synthetic DFN to analyze tunnels’ effects on groundwater flow.
Los túneles usualmente atraviesan zonas geológicamente fracturadas, que suelen ser analizadas como medios porosos equivalentes de permeabilidad homogénea. Sin embargo, esta es una simplificación que ignora las conexiones que generan las obras subterráneas en un macizo fracturado. En este trabajo se introduce el uso de redes de fracturas sintéticas (DFN) para analizar los flujos de agua subterránea generados por la perforación de túneles, considerando el avance diario en el frente de excavación. En primer lugar, se analizó un caso hipotético con seis configuraciones diferentes, variando la densidad y longitud de las fracturas, así como la distribución de aperturas. Cada configuración tenía alrededor de 100 realizaciones. Las propiedades hidráulicas de la DFN fueron estimadas y comparadas con estudios previos sobre DFNs, mostrando el mismo comportamiento aun cuando la magnitud de los parámetros estimados difería. Como ejemplo de aplicación, se usó con información estructural de la falla Alaska en el macizo de la Línea (Colombia), con el fin de obtener los parámetros estadísticos de las distribuciones de longitud y apertura de las fracturas para la generación de las DFNs. Se crearon cinco configuraciones, obteniendo caudales de infiltración medidos y simulados del mismo orden de magnitud. Estos resultados resaltan el potencial del uso de redes sintéticas de fracturas para analizar el efecto de la construcción de túneles en el flujo de agua subterránea.
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