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Semicontinuous Lixiviation Process for Compound Extraction from Cannabis sativa grown in Colombia
Proceso semicontinuo de lixiviación para la extracción de compuestos a partir de Cannabis sativa cultivado en Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v42n2.91616Keywords:
cannabis sativa, lixiviation, agroindustry, semicontinuos process, solvent extraction (en)The extraction of compounds present in Cannabis sativa biomass from Colombian crops was studied using a semi-continuous lixiviation process. To this effect, three extraction stages were implemented, in which successive transfers were carried out at fixed times, seeking to emulate a continuous countercurrent process. In this way, the intention is to provide the Colombian agroindustry with an extraction method that is efficient and requires a lower initial investment than other techniques such as supercritical fluid extraction. Absolute ethanol was used as solvent, and constant temperature and stirring speed were applied. The obtained results indicate that, once the process is stabilized, extracted mass percentages (with respect to the total mass on a dry basis) of 10,5% at 40 °C and 9,5% at 19 °C are achieved, which are competitive compared to the 11,07% achieved through Soxhlet extraction. Besides, the proposed process is clearly a better alternative than a single-stage extraction method, through which it was possible to extract 5% of the mass. Five cannabinoids were identified in the obtained extract, and, with the proposed process, it was possible to extract 66% of cannabidiol present in the original biomass.
Se estudió la extracción de compuestos presentes en la biomasa de Cannabis sativa de cultivos colombianos mediante un proceso de lixiviación semicontinuo. Para tal fin se implementaron tres etapas de extracción, en las cuales se realizaron transvases sucesivos en tiempos determinados, buscando emular un proceso continuo a contracorriente. De esta forma se pretende proporcionar a la agroindustria colombiana un método de extracción que sea eficiente y requiera una inversión inicial más baja que otras alternativas tales como la extracción con fluidos supercríticos. Se empleó etanol absoluto como solvente y se aplicaron temperaturas y velocidades de agitación constantes. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que, una vez estabilizado el proceso, se logran porcentajes de masa extraída (con respecto a la masa total en base seca) del 10,5 % a 40 °C y de 9,5% a 19 °C, los cuales son competitivos frente al 11,07% alcanzado con extracción Soxhlet. Además, el proceso propuesto es una alternativa mejor que el método de extracción de una sola etapa, mediante el cual se logró extraer el 5% de la masa. Se identificaron cinco cannabinoides en el extracto obtenido y, con el proceso propuesto, se logró extraer el 66% del cannabidiol presente en la biomasa original.
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1. Miguel A. Santaella, Oscar Y. Buitrago-Suescún, Alvaro Orjuela. (2026). Green solvent selection for terpene extraction from hemp. Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification, 220, p.110657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2025.110657.
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Copyright (c) 2021 Oscar Yecid Buitrago Suescún, Miguel Augusto Santaella Serrano
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