Published
Effect of the Colombian Renewable Energy Law on the Levelized Cost of a Substitute Gaseous Fuel Produced from MSW Gasification
Efecto de la ley colombiana de energías renovables en el costo nivelado del combustible gaseoso sustituto producido a partir de la gasificación de RSU
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v42n2.92410Keywords:
waste to energy, syngas, plasma gasification, law 1715 of 2014, economic analysis (en)residuos a energía, gasificación por plasma, ley 1715 de 2014, análisis económico, gas de síntesis (es)
Colombian municipal solid waste (MSW) production trends indicate that sanitary emergencies could occur in the largest cities of the country by 2030 because of the end of their landfills’ useful life. In this work, the energy recovery from different MSW through the updraft plasma gasification process to produce syngas as a substitute gaseous fuel was assessed from an economic viewpoint. The study was carried out using the results of an implemented model under a thermochemical approach using Aspen Plus. The economic assessment was conducted using the levelized cost of syngas production (LCOS), which was regarded as an economic indicator that considers tax incentives in the context of the Colombian renewable energy regulations (Law 715 of 2014). The combination between operational conditions (air flow and plasma temperature) allowed finding the maximum efficiency by means of a sensitivity analysis. The maximum efficiency ranged from 79,22 to 83,46%, highlighting the flexibility of the plasma gasification process to treat MSW. The lowest levelized syngas production cost reached with tax incentives varied from 13,19 to 22,95 ¢US$/kWh. Therefore, a waste disposal charge was proposed to make these projects feasible, which must range between 11,25 and 23,56 ¢US$/kWh (123-259 US$/t)
Las tendencias de la producción de residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU) en Colombia indican que podrían producirse emergencias sanitarias en las ciudades más grandes del país para 2030 debido a la finalización de la vida útil de sus rellenos sanitarios. En este trabajo se evaluó, desde un punto de vista económico, la recuperación de energía de los diferentes RSU mediante el proceso de gasificación por plasma en contracorriente para producir un gas de síntesis como combustible gaseoso sustituto. El estudio se llevó a cabo utilizando los resultados de un modelo implementado bajo un enfoque termoquímico en Aspen Plus. La evaluación económica se realizó mediante el costo nivelado de la producción de gas natural sintético (LCOS), que se consideró como un indicador económico que considera los incentivos fiscales en el contexto de la legislación colombiana sobre energía renovable (Ley de 1715 de 2014). La combinación entre las condiciones operativas (flujo de aire y temperatura de plasma) permitió encontrar la máxima eficiencia mediante un análisis de sensibilidad. La eficiencia máxima varió entre 79,22 y 83,46 %, destacando la flexibilidad del proceso de gasificación de plasma para el tratamiento de los RSU. El menor costo nivelado de la producción de gas natural sintético alcanzado con los incentivos fiscales varió de 13,19 a 22,95 ¢US$/kWh. Por lo tanto, se propuso un cobro por disposición de residuos para hacer factibles estos proyectos, que debe oscilar entre 11,25 y 23,56 ¢US$/kWh (123-259 US$/t)
References
British Petroleum (2018). BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2018. Bruck, M., Sandborn, P., and Goudarzi, N. (2018). A Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) model for wind farms that include Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs). Renewable Energy, 122, 131-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.12.100
Castillo-Ramírez, A., Mejía-Giraldo, D., and Giraldo-Ocampo, J. D. (2016). Geospatial levelized cost of energy in Colombia: GeoLCOE. In IEEE (Eds.) 2015 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin America, ISGT LATAM 2015 (pp. 298-303). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381171
Channiwala, S. A. and Parikh, P. P. (2002). A unified correlation for estimating HHV of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Fuel, 81(8), 1051-1063. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(01)00131-4
Congreso de la República (2014, May). Ley 1715 de 2014: Por la cual se regula la integración de energías renovables no convencionales al Sistema Energético Nacional.
Congreso de la República (2018). Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2018-2022 “Pacto por Colombia, Pacto por la Equidad”. Gobierno de Colombia.
Couto, N. D., Silva, V. B., and Rouboa, A. (2016). Thermodynamic Evaluation of Portuguese municipal solid waste gasification. Journal of Cleaner Production, 139, 622-635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.08.082
Empresas Varias de Medellín E.S.P. (2019). Charges for the second semester of 2019.
Indrawan, N., Mohammad, S., Kumar, A., and Huhnke, R. L. (2019). Modeling low temperature plasma gasification of municipal solid waste. Environmental Technology and Innovation, 15, 100412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2019.100412
International Energy Agency (2018). World energy balances: database documentation.
Janajreh, I., Raza, S. S., and Valmundsson, A. S. (2013). Plasma gasification process: Modeling, simulation and comparison with conventional air gasification. Energy Conversion and Management, 65, 801-809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2012.03.010
López-Lezama, J. M., Villada, F., and Muñoz-Galeano, N. (2017). Effects of Incentives for Renewable Energy in Colombia. Ingenieria y Universidad, 21(2), 257-272. https://doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.iyu212.eire
Lozano, A. M., Lora, E. E. S., Palacio, J. C. E., Rocha, M. H., Restrepo, J. C., Venturini, O. J., and Ratner, A. (2017). Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) production and gasification in a pilot plant integrated with an otto cycle ICE through Aspen Plus TM modelling: Thermodynamic and economic viability. Waste Management, 69, 187-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.08.006
Medina-Jiménez, A. C., Bereche, R. P., and Nebra, S. (2019). Three municipal solid waste gasification technologies analysis for electrical energy generation in Brazil. Waste Management and Research, 37(6), 631-642. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X19841126
Minutillo, M., Perna, A., and Di Bona, D. (2009). Modelling and performance analysis of an integrated plasma gasification combined cycle (IPGCC) power plant. Energy Conversion and Management, 50(11), 2837-2842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2009.07.002
Montiel-Bohórquez, N. D. and Pérez, J. F. (2019). Generación de Energía a partir de Residuos Sólidos Urbanos. Estrategias Termodinámicas para Optimizar el Desempeño de Centrales Térmicas. Información Tecnológica, 30(1), 273-284. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-07642019000100273
Montiel-Bohórquez, N. D., Saldarriaga-Loaiza, J. D., and Pérez, J. F. (2021). A techno-economic assessment of syngas production by plasma gasification of municipal solid waste as a substitute gaseous fuel. Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 43(9). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4049285
Perna, A., Minutillo, M., and Jannelli, E. (2016). Hydrogen from intermittent renewable energy sources as gasification medium in integrated waste gasification combined cycle power plants: A performance comparison. Energy, 94, 457-465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.10.143
Saldarriaga-Loaiza, J. D., Villada, F., and Pérez, J. F. (2019). Análisis de Costos Nivelados de Electricidad de Plantas de Cogeneración usando Biomasa Forestal en el Departamento de Antioquia, Colombia. Información Tecnológica, 30(1), 63–74. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-07642019000100063
Secretaria de gestión y control territorial and Universidad de Medellín (SGCT-UM) (2015). Plan de gestión integral de residuos sólidos del municipio de Medellín. Documento de actualización - parte 1.
Superintendencia de Servicios Públicos Domiciliarios. (2017). Informe de Disposición Final de Residuos Sólidos – 2017.
US Energy Information Administration (2020). Natural gas weekly update.
Unidad de Planeación Minero-Energética. (2015). Plan Energético Nacional Colombia: Ideario energético 2050.
Unidad de Planeación Minero-Energética. (2017). Proyección de los precios de los energéticos para la generación eléctrica 2018-2040.
Vélez, S. L. P. and Mora, N. E. (2016). System dynamics model for the municipal solid waste management system in the metropolitan area of Medellín, Colombia. International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, 18(2), 161. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijewm.2016.080404
Zang, G., Jia, J., Shi, Y., Sharma, T., and Ratner, A. (2019). Modeling and economic analysis of waste tire gasification in fluidized and fixed bed gasifiers. Waste Management, 89(1), 201-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.03.070
How to Cite
APA
ACM
ACS
ABNT
Chicago
Harvard
IEEE
MLA
Turabian
Vancouver
Download Citation
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Néstor D. Montiel-Bohórquez, Juan D. Saldarriaga-Loaiza, Juan F. Pérez

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The authors or holders of the copyright for each article hereby confer exclusive, limited and free authorization on the Universidad Nacional de Colombia's journal Ingeniería e Investigación concerning the aforementioned article which, once it has been evaluated and approved, will be submitted for publication, in line with the following items:
1. The version which has been corrected according to the evaluators' suggestions will be remitted and it will be made clear whether the aforementioned article is an unedited document regarding which the rights to be authorized are held and total responsibility will be assumed by the authors for the content of the work being submitted to Ingeniería e Investigación, the Universidad Nacional de Colombia and third-parties;
2. The authorization conferred on the journal will come into force from the date on which it is included in the respective volume and issue of Ingeniería e Investigación in the Open Journal Systems and on the journal's main page (https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ingeinv), as well as in different databases and indices in which the publication is indexed;
3. The authors authorize the Universidad Nacional de Colombia's journal Ingeniería e Investigación to publish the document in whatever required format (printed, digital, electronic or whatsoever known or yet to be discovered form) and authorize Ingeniería e Investigación to include the work in any indices and/or search engines deemed necessary for promoting its diffusion;
4. The authors accept that such authorization is given free of charge and they, therefore, waive any right to receive remuneration from the publication, distribution, public communication and any use whatsoever referred to in the terms of this authorization.










