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School Children’s exposure to 〖PM〗_(2.5) in a high pollution area of Bogotá, Colombia
Exposición de niños en edad escolar a 〖PM〗_(2.5) en una zona de alta contaminación de Bogotá, Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.96125Keywords:
air pollution, inhalation of pollutants, children’s exposure, fine particulate matter (en)exposición infantil, material particulado fino, inhalación de contaminantes, contaminación atmosférica (es)
Approximately 93% of the world’s children under 15 are exposed to ambient PM2,5 levels exceeding the World Health Organization’s guidelines. PM2,5 and other air pollutants affect children’s mental and motor development, as well as their lung function, even at low concentrations. In low- and middle-income countries, the effects are potentially stronger because of the weaker land-use policies in place, which increases households’ proximity to industrial sources. Such is the case of areas with mixed land use in western Bogota, Colombia. In this work, the exposure of children to PM2,5 at a school in the Puente Aranda district was estimated. PM2,5 concentrations were measured using low-volume area samplers during school hours in February 2020. Information on the children’s daily activity was recorded in order to estimate the physical effort applied during their normal school activities, and the minors’ respiratory symptomatologies were consulted with their parents. The inhaled dose was estimated using inhalation rates. The results showed that children aged three to five inhale the highest doses and report higher rates of respiratory symptoms. Indoor PM2,5 concentrations were consistently higher, agreeing with previous reports, probably because of dust resuspension and poor classroom ventilation. Air pollution mitigation measures must be put into effect in order to protect this highly vulnerable population. These measures will also positively affect the safe return of students to school activities after the pandemic lockdown.
Aproximadamente el 93% de los niños menores de 15 años del mundo están expuestos a niveles ambientales de PM2,5 que superan las directrices de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. El PM2,5 y otros contaminantes del aire afectan el desarrollo mental y motor de los niños, así como su función pulmonar, incluso en concentraciones bajas. En los países de ingresos bajos y medios, los efectos son potencialmente más fuertes debido a la existencia de políticas de uso de la tierra más débiles, lo cual aumenta la proximidad de los hogares a las fuentes industriales. Tal es el caso de las áreas con uso mixto de suelo en el occidente de Bogotá, Colombia. En este trabajo se estimó la exposición de niños a PM2,5 en una escuela del distrito de Puente Aranda. Las concentraciones de PM2,5 se midieron utilizando muestreadores de área de bajo volumen durante el horario escolar en febrero de 2020. Se registró o información sobre la actividad diaria de los niños para estimar su tasa metabólica en base al esfuerzo físico aplicado a cada actividad escolar. Además, la dosis inhalada se estimó utilizando las tasas de inhalación, y se consultaron sintomatologías respiratorias de los menores con sus padres. Los resultados mostraron que los niños de 3 a 5 años inhalan las dosis más altas y reportan las tasas más altas de síntomas respiratorios. Las concentraciones de PM2,5 en interiores fueron consistentemente más altas, probablemente debido a la resuspensión del polvo y la mala ventilación del aula. Se deben implementar medidas de mitigación de la contaminación del aire para proteger a esta población altamente vulnerable. Estas medidas también afectarán positivamente el retorno seguro de los estudiantes a las actividades escolares después del confinamiento de la pandemia.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Yisel Andrea Vargas-Legarda, Adriana Katherine Toro-Martínez, Néstor Yesid Rojas-Roa, Oscar A. Fajardo-Montaña
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