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Monitoring via Infrared Spectrometry and Rheometry of a Vulcanization-Like Process of Chewing Gum Waste
Monitoreo por espectrometría infrarroja y reometría de un proceso similar a la vulcanización de los desechos de goma de mascar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.99467Keywords:
chewing gum waste, vulcanization, rheometry, mid-infrared, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy (en)desechos de goma de mascar, vulcanización, reometría, infrarrojo medio, espectroscopía ATR-FTIR (es)
Once chewed, chewing gum becomes a disposable and non-degradable cumulative residue that causes environmental, economic, and social problems. Collecting and treating chewing gum waste until its properties are adapted for some profitable use will generate environmental and economic savings. In this work, chewing gum waste was collected, sanitized, and subjected to a laboratory-scale rubber vulcanization-like process with sulfur. The evolution of the process was monitored via sequential measurements of torque and the acquisition of a series of ATR-FTIR spectra on the raw and resulting material of aliquots isolated from the reaction medium every 10 minutes for 4 hours. The absorbance values of the signals in the series of ATR-FTIR spectra were normalized and subjected to a descriptive statistical analysis, which allowed detecting intensity variations in bands attributed to carboxylate, as well as a slight decrease in the intensity of the bands attributed to hydroxyl, carbonyl, methylene in alpha to carbonyl, and other CHn groups in aliphatic fragments. These intensity changes and the trend of rheometric measurements during the process (vulcanization curve) evidenced that chewing gum waste did indeed react. Its vulcanization process had an absolute cross-linking maximum 5,15 minutes into the process and caused a remarkable increase in the torque of the resulting material; the Shore A hardness changed from 20 to 95 units, and the density varied from 1 280 to 1 510 kg/m3. These findings hint at an alternative treatment to reduce environmental pollution and revalue chewing gum waste.
Una vez masticada, la goma de mascar se convierte en un residuo acumulativo desechable y no degradable que causa problemas ambientales, económicos y sociales. Recoger y tratar los desechos de goma de mascar hasta que sus propiedades se adapten a un uso rentable generará ahorros ambientales y económicos. En este trabajo se recogieron y desinfectaron desechos de goma de mascar, y se los sometió a un proceso similar a la vulcanización de caucho con azufre a escala de laboratorio. La evolución del proceso se monitoreó mediante mediciones secuenciales de torque y la adquisición de una serie de espectros ATR-FTIR de la materia prima y el material resultante de alícuotas aisladas del medio de reacción cada 10 minutos durante 4 horas. Los valores de absorbancia de las señales en la serie de espectros ATR-FTIR se normalizaron y se sometieron a un análisis estadístico descriptivo que permitío detectar variaciones de intensidad en bandas atribuidas al carboxilato, así como una ligera disminución en la intensidad de las bandas atribuidas a hidroxilo, carbonilo, metileno en alfa a carbonilo y otros grupos CHn en fragmentos alifáticos. Estos cambios de intensidad y la tendencia de las medidas reométricas durante el proceso (curva de vulcanización) evidenciaron que los residuos de goma de mascar en efecto reaccionaron. Su vulcanización tuvo un máximo absoluto de entrecruzamiento a los 5,15 minutos de proceso y causó un aumento notable en el torque del material resultante; la dureza Shore A cambió de 20 a 95 unidades, y la densidad varie de 1 280 a 1 510 kg/m3. Estos hallazgos sugieren un tratamiento alternativo para reducir la contaminación ambiental y revalorizar los desechos de goma de mascar.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Isabel Cristina Castellanos Cuellar, Carolina Maria Luque Zabala, Eliseo Avella Moreno, Stiven Huertas Cárdenas, Mischel Stefany Toro santos, Daniel Rojas Mendez
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