A Discussion on English Language Students’ Body Image: Beauty Standards and Fatness
Una discusión sobre la imagen corporal de alumnos/as de inglés: patrones de belleza y gordura
Keywords:
Beauty standard, critical language teaching, fatness, social themes (en)enseñanza crítica de lenguas, gordura, patrones de belleza, temas sociales (es)
In this qualitative study, we intend to discuss how adolescent students in a Brazilian public school classroom define their body image and personalize the themes beauty standards and fatness. Grounded on a critical approach to language teaching, these two social themes were problematized in eight lessons of Ensino Médio (secondary education). The discussion of the empirical material suggests that (1) body image is strongly connected to gendered relations, making life experiences of men and women different based on the bodies they have, and (2) beauty standard and fatness are strongly related to students’ lives since twelve out of nineteen students personalized the themes by telling oppressive stories they went through because of their bodies.
En este estudio cualitativo, nos proponemos discutir cómo alumnos/as adolescentes en un aula de una escuela pública brasileña definen su imagen corporal y personalizan los temas patrones de belleza y gordura. Basándose en un enfoque crítico a la enseñanza de inglés, esos dos temas fueron problematizados en ocho clases de enseñanza secundaria. La discusión del material empírico sugiere que (1) la imagen corporal está conectada con relaciones de carácter general, haciendo que la experiencia de hombres y mujeres sea diferente según sus cuerpos, y (2) los patrones de belleza y gordura están fuertemente conectados a las vidas de los/as alumnos/as, ya que doce de diecinueve alumnos/as personalizaron el tema al contar historias de opresión que ellos/as vivenciaron a causa de la imagen que hacen de sus cuerpos.
References
Baker, J. (2014, July 14). Change your world, not your body: The social impact of body love [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iSjwdN9vW0g.
Biesta, G. (2015). What is education for? On good education, teacher judgement, and educational professionalism. European Journal of Education, 50(1), 75-87. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12109.
Bucholtz, M. (2016). Why bodies matter: Discourse and materiality after mass murder (Unpublished essay). Retrieved from http://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/faculty/bucholtz/sites/secure.lsit.ucsb.edu.ling.d7_b/files/sitefiles/research/publications/Bucholtz2016-WhyBodiesMatter-long.pdf.
Canagarajah, S. (2013). Translingual practice: Global Englishes and cosmopolitan relations. New York, US: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203120293.
Conrad, P. (2005). The shifting engines of medicalization. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 46(1), 3-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/002214650504600102.
Cooper, C. (2010). Fat studies: Mapping the field. Sociology Compass, 4(12), 1020-1034. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9020.2010.00336.x.
Croll, J. (2005). Body image and adolescents. In M. Story & J. Stang (Eds.), Guidelines for adolescent nutrition services (pp. 155-166). Minneapolis, US: University of Minnesota.
Crookes, G. V. (2012). Critical language pedagogy. In L. Ortega et al. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of applied linguistics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Crookes, G. V. (2013). Critical ELT in action: Foundations, promises, praxis. New York, US: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203844250.
de Urzêda Freitas, M. (2012). Educando para transgredir: reflexões sobre o ensino crítico de línguas estrangeiras/inglês [Teaching to transgress: Reflections on foreign language/English critical teaching]. Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada, 51(1), 77-98. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-18132012000100005.
Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison. New York, US: Random House.
Harjunen, H. (2002). The construction of an acceptable female body in Finnish schools. In V. Sunnari, J. Kangasvuo, & M. Heikkinen (Eds.), Gendered and sexualized violence in educational environments (pp. 78-91). Oulu, FI: Oulu University Press.
Harjunen, H. (2003, August). Obesity as a liminal and marginalized experience. Paper presented at Gender and Power in New Europe: The 5th European Feminist Research Conference, Lund University, Sweden.
Harjunen, H. (2009). Woman and fat: Approaches to the social study of fatness (Doctoral dissertarion). University of Jyväskylä, Finland. Retrieved from https://jyx.jyu.fi/dspace/handle/123456789/22599.
Hawkins, M., & Norton, B. (2009). Critical language teacher education. In A. Burns & J. Richards (Eds.), Cambridge guide to second language teacher education (pp. 30-39). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Janks, H. (2010). Literacy and power. New York, US: Routledge.
Jordão, C. M., & Fogaça, F. C. (2012). Critical literacy in the English language classroom. DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada, 28(1), 69-84. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-44502012000100004.
Kubota, R. (2015). Race and language learning in multicultural Canada: Towards critical antiracism. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 36(1), 3-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2014.892497.
Kubota, R., & Lin, A. (Eds.) (2009). Race, culture, and identities in second language education: Exploring critically engaged practice. New York, US: Routledge.
Kumaravadivelu, B. (2012). Individual identity, cultural globalization and teaching English as an international language: The case for an epistemic break. In L. Alsagoff, S. L. McKay, G. Hu, & W. A. Renandya (Eds.), Principles and practices for teaching English as an international language (pp. 9-27). New York, US: Routledge.
Lorber, J., & Martin, P. (2007). The socially constructed body: Insights from feminist theory. In P. Kivisto (Ed.), Illuminating social life: Classical and contemporary theory revisited (pp. 226-244). Thousand Oaks, US: Pine Forge Press.
Mason, K. (2012). The unequal weight of discrimination: Gender, body size, and income inequality. Social Problems, 59(3), 411-435. https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2012.59.3.411.
Merriam, S. (2002). Introduction to qualitative research. In S. Merriam (Ed.), Qualitative research in practice: Examples for discussion and analysis (pp. 3-17). San Francisco, US: Jossey-Bass.
Moita Lopes, L. P. (2002). Identidades fragmentadas: a construção discursiva de raça, gênero e sexualidade em sala de aula [Fragmented identities: The discursive construction of race, gender, and sexuality in the classroom]. Campinas, BR: Mercado de Letras.
Moita Lopes, L. P. (2003). A nova ordem mundial, os parâmetros curriculares nacionais e o ensino de inglês no Brasil: a base intelectual para uma ação política [The new world order, the national curricular parameters and English teaching in Brazil: Intellectual basis for political action]. In L. Barbara & R. de C. G. Ramos (Eds.), Reflexão e ações no ensino-aprendizagem de línguas [Reflection and actions in language teaching and learning] (pp. 29-57). São Paulo, BR: Mercado de Letras.
Moy, G. (2015). Media, family, and peer influence on children’s body image (Master’s thesis). The State University of New Jersey, USA. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/48157/.
Nelson, C. (2009). Sexual identities in English language education: Classroom conversations. New York, US: Routledge.
Norton, B., & Toohey, K. (2004). Introduction. In B. Norton & K. Toohey (Eds.), Critical pedagogies and language learning (pp. 1-17). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Norton, B., & Toohey, K. (2011). Identity, language learning, and social change. Language Teaching, 44(4), 412-446. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444811000309.
Okazaki, T. (2005). Critical consciousness and critical language teaching. Second Language Studies, 23(2), 174-202.
Oliveira, N. (2014, July 17). Com novo padrão de beleza, mulheres buscam coxas e glúteos volumosos [With new beauty standard, women want bigger thighs and glutes]. Globo Esporte. Retrieved from http://globoesporte.globo.com/eu-atleta/nutricao/noticia/2014/07/com-novo-padrao-beleza-mulheres-buscam-coxas-e-gluteos-volumosos.html.
Oliver, J. (2006). Fat politics: The real story behind America’s obesity epidemic. New York, US: Oxford University Press.
Pennycook, A. (1999). Introduction: Critical approaches to TESOL. TESOL Quarterly, 33(3), 329-348. https://doi.org/10.2307/3587668.
Pennycook, A. (2001). Critical applied linguistics: A critical introduction. Mahwah, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Pessoa, R. R. (2014). A critical approach to the teaching of English: Pedagogical and identity engagement. Revista Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada, 14(2), 353-372. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1984-63982014005000005.
Pessoa, R. R., & de Urzêda Freitas, M. T. (2012). Challenges in critical language teaching. TESOL Quarterly, 46(4), 753-776. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.46.
Pessoa, R. R., & de Urzêda Freitas, M. T. (2016). Língua como espaço de poder: uma pesquisa de sala de aula na perspectiva crítica [Language as space of power: Classroom research from a critical perspective]. Revista Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada, 16(1), 133-156. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-639820158394.
Petroski, E., Pelegrini, A., & Glaner, M. (2012). Motivos e prevalência de insatisfação com a imagem corporal em adolescentes [Reasons and prevalence of body image dissatisfaction in adolescents]. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 17(4), 1071-1077. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232012000400028.
Rabinow, P. (Ed.). (1984). The Foucault reader. New York, US: Pantheon Books.
Silva, M., Taquette, S., & Coutinho, E. (2014). Senses of body image in adolescents in elementary school. Revista de Saúde Pública, 48(3), 438-444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-8910.2014048005083.
Wright, J. (2009). Biopower, biopedagogies and the obesity epidemic. In J. Wright & V. Harwood (Eds.), Biopolitics and the obesity epidemic: Governing bodies (pp. 1-14). New York, US: Routledge.
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Authors

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
You are authorized to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format as long as you give appropriate credit to the authors of the articles and to Profile: Issues in Teachers' Professional Development as original source of publication. The use of the material for commercial purposes is not allowed. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
Authors retain the intellectual property of their manuscripts with the following restriction: first publication is granted to Profile: Issues in Teachers' Professional Development.






























