Uso de la cafeína en el ejercicio físico: ventajas y riesgos

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2013-10-01

Uso de la cafeína en el ejercicio físico: ventajas y riesgos

Using caffeine for physical exercise: advantages and risks

Palabras clave:

Bebidas Energéticas, Cafeína, Esfuerzo Físico (es)
Energy Drinks, Caffeine, Physical Exertion (en)

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Autores/as

César Augusto Ramírez-Montes Laboratorio de Fisiología Aplicada. Universidad de Caldas. Manizales, Colombia.
José Henry Osorio Laboratorio de Investigación en Bioquímica Clínica y Patología Molecular. Universidad de Caldas. Manizales, Colombia.

Resumen (es)
Resumen (en)

Objetivo. El presente artículo de revisión tiene como objetivo analizar la información científica disponible y actualizar al lector con relación al uso de la cafeína como sustancia ergogénica para el ejercicio.

Materiales y métodos. Se analizó la literatura disponible de los últimos 50 años en las bases de datos BBCSLILACS, IB-PsycINFO, IB-SSCI, IB-SciELO, Scopus y Scirus, al igual que artículos históricos, textos y referencias citadas en trabajos públicos.

Resultados. Se obtuvo información pertinente relacionada con los objetivos propuestos en la presente revisión, en la que se relaciona la farmacología básica (absorción, mecanismos de acción, metabolismo, efectos, tolerancia, reacciones adversas, toxicidad) y su utilidad como sustancia ergogénica para ejercicios de predominio aeróbico y para ejercicios de predominio anaeróbico.

Conclusión. Es recomendable la utilización de la cafeína como sustancia ergogénica en ejercicios de larga duración y mediana intensidad, mientras que su uso en ejercicios de corta duración y alta intensidad es controversial. Se recomienda una cuidadosa evaluación médica antes de su utilización con el fin de minimizar las reacciones adversas y su toxicidad.

Objective. To analyze scientific information and update the reader regarding the use of caffeine as an ergogenic substance for exercise.

Materials and methods. Available literature from the last 50 years included in the BBCS-LILACS, IB-PsycINFO, IB-SSCI, IB-SciELO, Scopus and Scirus, database as well as historical articles, texts and references cited in work published to date were analyzed.

Results. Important information related to the objectives proposed in the present review were found and analyzed. The information was divided in two sections as follows: basic pharmacology of caffeine (absorption, mechanisms of action, metabolism, effects, tolerance, adverse reactions, and toxicity) and its use as an ergogenic substance predominantly aerobic exercise and anaerobic exercise dominance.

Conclusion. The use of caffeine is recommended as an ergogenic substance in long-term exercise and medium intensity, while its use in exercises of short duration and high intensity is controversial. A careful medical evaluation is recommended before using caffeine in order to minimize adverse reactions and toxicity.

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