Asociación entre el porcentaje graso y las capacidades físicas básicas de niños de 7 a 11 años en etapa escolar de una institución educativa de Bogotá, D.C.

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2016-09-01

Asociación entre el porcentaje graso y las capacidades físicas básicas de niños de 7 a 11 años en etapa escolar de una institución educativa de Bogotá, D.C.

Association between body fat percentage and basic physical capacities in school children aged 7 to 11 attending an educational institution in Bogotá, D.C.

Palabras clave:

Sobrepeso, Obesidad, Fuerza muscular, Resistencia física, Composición corporal, Niños (es)
Overweight, Obesity, Muscle Strength, Endurance, Body Composition, Children (en)

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Autores/as

Mary Luz Ocampo-Plazas Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá - Facultad de Medicina - Departamento del Movimiento Corporal Humano - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia.
Juan Felipe Correa Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá - Facultad de Medicina - Departamento del Movimiento Corporal Humano - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia.
Cristian Arvey Guzmán-David Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá - Facultad de Medicina - Programa de Fisioterapia - Bogotá, D.C. - Colombia.
Juan Carlos Correa Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín - Facultad de Estadística - Medellín - Colombia.

Resumen (es)
Resumen (en)

Introducción. La obesidad es una enfermedad de evolución rápida y constante que genera costos en salud por enfermedades consecuentes, las cuales aparecen en edades cada vez más tempranas. La disminución del rendimiento físico ocasionado por la obesidad se ha descrito en varios estudios, principalmente, asociado a la alteración de capacidad aeróbica como agente causal, pero también a la disminución de la afectación de otras capacidades físicas.

Objetivo. Determinar el grado de asociación entre porcentaje graso y capacidades físicas (fuerza, flexibilidad y resistencia) en escolares.

Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron las capacidades físicas de escolares de segundo a quinto grado, entre 7 a 11 años, utilizando FITNESSGRAM®. También se correlacionaron las variables de porcentaje graso y capacidades físicas básicas para determinar la fuerza de asociación entre estas.

Resultados. Existe asociación significativa entre porcentaje graso y nivel PACER (p=0.0001), push up (p<0.0001), resistencia abdominal (p=0.0148) y flexibilidad de hombro izquierdo (p=0.03186). Sin embargo, no hubo asociación con la fuerza potencia.

Conclusión. El porcentaje graso tiene alta influencia sobre las capacidades físicas en general. Se necesita desarrollar estrategias desde temprana edad para contrarrestar el sobrepeso y la obesidad, así como fomentar la actividad física para minimizar los efectos deletéreos sobre la salud.

Introduction: Obesity is a disease of rapid and constant evolution that generates burden on health costs due to secondary diseases, which appear at increasingly earlier ages. The decreased physical performance caused by obesity has been described in several studies, and is mainly associated with the alteration of aerobic capacity as a causative agent, but also to a decrease amount of participation in other physical abilities.

Objective: To determine the degree of association between body fat percentage and physical abilities (strength, flexibility and resistance) in school children.

Materials and methods: The physical capabilities of second through fifth grades children, aged 7 to 11, were assessed using FITNESSGRAM®. The variables body fat percentage and basic physical capabilities were also correlated to determine the strength of the association among them.

Results: There is significant association between body fat percentage and PACER level (p=0.0001), push up (p<0.0001), abdominal strength (p=0.0148) and left shoulder flexibility (p=0.03186). However, there was no association with strength potency.

Conclusions: Body fat percentage has high influence on physical abilities in general. Developing strategies is necessary to counter overweight and obesity at early ages and to encourage physical activity to minimize deleterious health effects.

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