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Cognición, respuesta electroencefalográfica y su relación con la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca
Cognition, electroencephalographic response and their relation with heart rate variability
Palabras clave:
Sistema nervioso autónomo, Electroencefalografía, Frecuencia cardíaca, Corteza prefrontal (es)Autonomic Nervous System, Electroencephalography, Heart Rate, Prefrontal Cortex (en)
Introducción. La corteza cerebral frontal tiene una mayor actividad teta durante procesos cognitivos de observación y aprendizaje.
Objetivo. Establecer la relación entre actividad electroencefalográfica orbitofrontal y sistema nervioso autónomo en procesos cognitivos.
Materiales y métodos. 20 hombres y 19 mujeres con edad promedio de 21.2 (±2.32) años fueron evaluados mediante electroencefalografía (EGG) FP1-T3, FP2-T4 y electrocardiografía (EKG, del alemán elektrokardiogramm) para determinar frecuencia cardíaca (HR, del inglés heart rate) y variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (HRV, del inglés heart rate variability). La evaluación tuvo cinco fases: reposo, observación, memoria, concentración y juego. Las señales de EGG y EKG fueron analizadas en el dominio de la frecuencia usando la transformada rápida de Fourier (FFT, del inglés fast Fourier transform). Las diferencias por etapa entre las variables se establecieron con el uso de ANOVA de dos vías.
Resultados. Comparado con el reposo, se observó en todas las fases incremento de la actividad teta del EGG (p<0.01), aumento en la baja frecuencia LF (p<0.01) y la HR (p<0.01) y disminución de la alta frecuencia HF (p<0.01). Además, hubo una correlación inversa entre la actividad teta y la potencia de HF (r=-0.86).
Conclusiones. Los datos mostraron una reducción de la actividad parasimpática y un aumento de la actividad simpática asociado a actividad teta de la corteza orbitofrontal, mediante una conexión con el núcleo central de la amígdala.
Introduction: The frontal cortex has a greater theta activity during cognitive observation and learning processes.
Objective: To establish the relation between orbitofrontal electroencephalographic activity and the autonomic nervous system in cognitive processes.
Materials and methods: 20 men and 19 women with a mean age of 21.2 (±2.32) were evaluated by electroencephalography (EGG) FP1-T3, FP2-T4 and electrocardiography (ECG) to determine heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). The evaluation was made in five phases during rest, observation, memory, concentration and playing conditions. EGG and ecg signals were analyzed in the frequency domain using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The differences between the variables found during each phase were established through a two-way ANOVA.
Results: When compared to rest conditions, all phases showed an increase of theta activity of the EGG (p <0.01), as well as of the low frequencies LF (p <0.01) and HR (p <0.01), and a decrease in the high frequency HF (P <0.01). In addition, there was an inverse correlation between theta activity and HF power (r=-0.86).
Conclusions: The data showed a reduction in parasympathetic activity and an increased sympathetic activity associated with theta activity in the orbitofrontal cortex, using a connection with the central nucleus of the amygdala.
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Derechos de autor 2017 Revista de la Facultad de Medicina
Esta obra está bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento 3.0 Unported.
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