Publicado

2018-04-01

Risk factors associated with low birth weight in the Americas: literature review

Factores de riesgo de bajo peso al nacer en las Américas: una revisión de literatura

Palabras clave:

Infant Mortality, Risk Factors, Americas (en)
Mortalidad infantil, Factores de riesgo, Américas (es)

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Autores/as

  • Jaima González-Jiménez Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina - Faculty of Health - Master’s Degree in Public Health and Social Development - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia.
  • Anderson Rocha-Buelvas Universidad de Nariño - Centro de Estudios en Salud (CESUN) - Pasto - Colombia.

Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the main risk factors that affects infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Approximately one third of neonatal deaths are attributable to this cause.

Objective: To review the most relevant papers related to low birth weight in the Americas between 2010 and 2016.

Materials and methods: Narrative literature review. The information was obtained from the PubMed, SciELO, LILACS and Portal Regional da BVS databases, using DeCS and MeSH descriptors.

Results: Most of the studies were published between 2012 and 2015. Of 29 articles published, 11 (40.7%) dealt with sociodemographic factors, 9 (33.3%) with environmental risks, 3 (11.1%) with behavioral factors, 2 (7.4%) with prenatal or coverage controls and 2 (7.4%) were interrelated with other risk factors.

Conclusion: Most of the studies agree on the association of sociodemographic, biological and behavioral factors. Those studies that refer to the association of LBW with environmental risk factors are growing in strength.

Introducción. El bajo peso al nacer (BPN) es uno de los principales factores de riesgo que afecta la morbimortalidad infantil en todo el mundo; cerca de 1/3 de las muertes neonatales son atribuibles a este.

Objetivo. Revisar los artículos más relevantes sobre BPN en las Américas en el periodo de 2010-2016.

Materiales y métodos. Revisión narrativa de literatura. La información se obtuvo de las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Portal Regional da BVS, con el uso de los descriptores DeCS y MeSH.

Resultados. La mayoría de los estudios fueron publicados entre el 2012 y el 2015. De los 27 artículos publicados, 11 (40.7%) fueron atribuidos a factores sociodemográficos, 9 (33.3%) a riesgos ambientales, 3 (11.1%) a factores conductuales, 2 (7.4%) a controles prenatales o por cobertura y 2 (7.4%) se interrelacionaban con otros factores de riesgo.

Conclusión. La mayoría de los estudios coinciden en la asociación de factores sociodemográficos, biológicos y conductuales. Los estudios que refieren la asociación de BPN con factores de riesgo ambientales están tomando fuerza.

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