Publicado
Dermatitis asociada a incontinencia en adultos: un problema sin definición, revisión sistemática
Incontinence-associated dermatitis: a problem without definition, systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v63n2.48349Palabras clave:
Dermatitis, Incontinencia, Atención de Enfermería, Anciano (es)Dermatitis, Fecal incontinence, Urinary incontinence, Nursing care, Aged (en)
Antecedentes. La prevalencia de la dermatitis, asociada a incontinencia urinaria, fecal o mixta, está entre 5.6% y 50%, con una tasa de incidencia entre 3.4% y 25%. Estas lesiones infravaloradas no se afrontan adecuadamente por desconocimiento de sus implicaciones y su cuidado, lo que exige conocer la producción científica al respecto, estandarizando estos procesos en personas con riesgo de padecerla.
Objetivo. Describir la producción científica disponible que aborde la gestión de los cuidados de las personas adultos mayores que presentan dermatitis asociada a incontinencia urinaria, fecal o mixta.
Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de literatura científica en las bases de datos Ovid Nursing, SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, Pubmed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, Cuiden, JSTOR y Springer Journal, sin fecha límite, en cualquier idioma. Se valoraron los artículos mediante el sistema GRADE.
Resultados. Se encontraron 45 artículos, en su mayoría de Norteamérica y Europa, de los cuales un 15.22% abordan temas de epidemiología, 15.22% tratan sobre factores de riesgo, 32.61% sobre prevención primaria, 8.70% sobre diagnóstico, 17.39%, tratamiento, 4.35%, medición del problema y 6.52%, rehabilitación. La metodología en el 53% de los artículos correspondió a ensayos clínicos.
Conclusión. La toma de decisiones con respecto al diagnóstico, la prevención y el tratamiento de la dermatitis asociada a incontinencia, deben apoyarse en los múltiples factores de riesgo y etiológicos de las lesiones de piel que puedan tener relación con la dependencia, los cuales, sin lugar a dudas, orientarán el mecanismo de producción y así, laintervención de la enfermedad.
Background. The prevalence of dermatitis associated to urinary, fecal or mixed incontinence, is between 5.6% and 50%, with an incidence rate between 3.4% and 25%. These lesions are underestimated and not properly addressed because their implications and treatment are unknown. This requires knowledge of the scientific production about the issue and standardization of these processes on people at risk for this condition.
Objective. To describe the available scientific production that addresses the management of care of elderly adults having incontinence associated to urinary, fecal, or mixed dermatitis.
Materials and methods. A systematic search for scientific literature was conducted using the databases Ovid Nursing, SciELO, Virtual Health Library, PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, ScieneDirect, Cuiden, JSTOR, and Springer Journal, with no time limit, in any language. Articles were rated by using the GRADE system.
Results. There were found 45 papers, mostly from North America and Europe, 15.22% of which address issues of epidemiology, 15.22% are about risk factors, 32.61% about primary prevention, 8.70% on diagnosis, 17.39% on treatment, 4.35% on problem measurement, and 6.52% on rehabilitation. The methodology in 53% of the articles was based on clinical trials.
Conclusions. The decisions regarding diagnosis, prevention and treatment of dermatitis associated to incontinence, should be supported by the multiple etiologic and risk factors of skin lesions that may be related to dependence. Such factors, undoubtedly, will guide the production mechanism and thus, the intervention of the disease.
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