Publicado

2013-01-01

PRODUCCIÓN DE BIODIESEL A PARTIR DE MICROALGAS: PARÁMETROS DEL CULTIVO QUE AFECTAN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE LÍPIDOS

Biodiesel Production from Microalgae: Cultivation Parameters that Affect Lipid Production

Palabras clave:

biocombustibles, microalgas, lípidos, ácidos grasos (es)
biofuels, microalgae, lipids, fatty acids (en)

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Autores/as

  • Martha Trinidad Arias Peñaranda Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N.
  • Rosa Olivia Cañizares Villanueva Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N.
  • Alfredo de Jesús Martínez Roldán Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N.
Las microalgas poseen la capacidad para mitigar las emisiones de CO2 y producir lípidos, por lo que se consideran con potencial para la obtención de biocombustibles de tercera generación. La presente revisión proporciona información actualizada de la influencia de las condiciones de cultivo, sobre la obtención de lípidos con una productividad elevada y perfil adecuado para la producción de biodiesel, se proporciona una síntesis de resultados de investigaciones realizadas en los últimos 13 años en diversas partes del mundo. En la literatura consultada, los autores concluyen que aunque el comportamiento de las microalgas ante condiciones de estrés fisiológico es variable entre especies; la limitación de nutrientes especialmente nitrógeno y fósforo, asociado al crecimiento heterotrófico o a altas intensidades luminosas en fototrofía se consideran como las estrategias más eficientes para incrementar el contenido de lípidos en las microalgas, en particular de triglicéridos constituidos por ácidos grasos saturados y monoinsaturados, ideales para la producción de biodiesel. De igual forma, señalan que la presencia de pequeñas cantidades de CO2 y la cosecha de la biomasa en la fase estacionaria de crecimiento, incrementan el contenido de lípidos y disminuyen el número de insaturaciones de los ácidos grasos que lo conforman.
The microalgae have the capacity to mitigate CO2 emissions and to produce lipids, which are considered with potential to obtain third-generation biofuel. This review provides updated information of the influence of culture conditions on the lipids production with high productivity and profile suitable for the biodiesel production. This document presents a compilation of research conclusions over the last 13 years around the world. In the literature consulted, the authors conclude that although the behavior of microalgae at physiological stress conditions, varies between species; the nutrients limitation, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, associated with heterotrophic growth or high irradiances in phototrophy are considered the most efficient strategies to increase the lipid content in microalgae, particularly triglycerides (consisting of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids), which are excellent for the production of biodiesel. Also, it is reported that the lipid content increase and the number of unsaturated fatty acids decrease with the addition of small amounts of CO2and harvesting the biomass it the stationary phase of growth.

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PRODUCCIÓN DE BIODIESEL A PARTIR DE MICROALGAS: PARÁMETROS DEL CULTIVO QUE AFECTAN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE LÍPIDOS. (2013). Acta Biológica Colombiana, 18(1), 43-68. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/actabiol/article/view/32832

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