Publicado

2024-12-13

Manifestaciones clínicas de mutaciones en los genes COL4A1 y FGB. Reporte de caso

Clinical manifestations of COL4A1 and FGB mutations: Case report

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/cr.v10n2.106619

Palabras clave:

Enfermedades del colágeno, Fibrinógeno, Mutación, Trastornos del neurodesarrollo (es)
Collagen Diseases, Fibrinogen, Mutation, Neurodevelopmental Disorders (en)

Autores/as

Resumen

Introducción. El gen COL4A1 codifica la cadena alfa-1 del colágeno tipo IV, un componente estructural de las membranas basales. Por otro lado, el fibrinógeno es una glicoproteína compleja grande formada por tres pares de cadenas polipeptídicas que juega un papel importante en la hemostasia. Cada uno de estos componentes hacen parte de las membranas de muchos tejidos, incluidos los que se encuentran en ojos, riñones, cerebro, entre otros órganos. Una mutación en estos componentes puede llevar a que los pacientes presenten diversas manifestaciones clínicas.

Presentación del caso. Niña de 11 años que fue remitida al servicio de genética de una institución de cuarto nivel de atención de Cali (Colombia) por presentar manifestaciones neurológicas, renales y oftalmológicas progresivas. Se realizó estudio de secuenciación de exoma individual completo que evidenció dos variantes: una en el gen COL4A1 (c.2317G>A) reportada como patogénica y otra en el gen FGB (c.413C>G) reportada como probablemente patogénica según las recomendaciones del American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics.

Conclusiones. Las manifestaciones clínicas de las mutaciones en los genes COL4A1 y FGB son muy diversas, lo cual puede retrasar el diagnóstico. Si bien no existe un tratamiento puntual para los trastornos causados por estas mutaciones, la prevención de complicaciones y el manejo de los síntomas puede impactar positivamente la calidad de vida de los pacientes, por lo que la divulgación científica respecto a este tema es de gran importancia.

Abstract

Introduction: The COL4A1 gene encodes the alpha-1 chain of type IV collagen, a structural component of basement membranes. In turn, fibrinogen is a large complex glycoprotein consisting of three pairs of polypeptide chains that plays an important role in hemostasis. All of these components are part of membranes in many tissues, including those found in the eyes, kidneys, brain, among other organs. A mutation in these components may result in patients presenting with a variety of clinical manifestations.

Case presentation: An 11-year-old female was referred to the genetics service of a quaternary care institution in Cali (Colombia) due to progressive neurological, renal, and ophthalmologic manifestations. A comprehensive exome sequencing study was performed, revealing two variants: one in the COL4A1 gene (c.2317G>A) reported as pathogenic and another in the FGB gene (c.413C>G) reported as probably pathogenic as per the recommendations of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics.

Conclusion: The clinical manifestations of COL4A1 and FGB mutations are varied, and this can delay diagnosis. While there is no specific treatment for the disorders caused by these mutations, preventing complications and treating symptoms can positively impact the quality of life of patients. Therefore, scientific dissemination on this subject is essential.

Referencias

References

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Cómo citar

Restrepo-Ramirez, G., Lenis-Patiño, M. J., Acero-Portilla, P. A., & Hernández-Woodbine, M. J. (2024). Manifestaciones clínicas de mutaciones en los genes COL4A1 y FGB. Reporte de caso. Case Reports, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.15446/cr.v10n2.106619