Publicado

2020-07-01

Brain MRI findings in non-ketotic hyperglycemic crisis: Case report

Hallazgos en resonancia magnética cerebral en un paciente con crisis hiperglicémica no cetósica. Reporte de caso

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/cr.v6n2.83866

Palabras clave:

Hyperglycemia, Seizures, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (en)
Hiperglicemia, Convulsiones, Imagen por resonancia magnética (es)

Autores/as

  • Laura Estefanía Arenas-Vargas Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Bogotá Campus - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Internal Medicine - Unit of Clinical Neurology - NeuroUnal Research Group - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4719-1006
  • Ruben Darío Arenas-Diaz Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Bogotá Campus - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Internal Medicine - Unit of Clinical Neurology - NeuroUnal Research Group - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1119-8190
  • Enrique Hernandez-Rojas Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Bogotá Campus - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Internal Medicine - Unit of Clinical Neurology - NeuroUnal Research Group - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-0895
  • Fabián Riaño-Montañez Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Bogotá Campus - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Diagnostic Imaging - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2753-9324

Introduction: Seizures related to metabolic disorders are common phenomena in many clinical contexts. However, clinical manifestations and neuroimaging findings in the context of a hyperglycemic crisis are less frequent phenomena with unclear pathophysiology.

Case report: A 68-year-old man presented focal seizures and right homonymous hemianopsia after a non-ketotic hyperglycemic crisis. Brain MRI showed cortical diffusion restriction and subcortical T2 / FLAIR hypointensity in left occipital, temporal (mesial) and parietal lobes. Spectroscopy was performed showing a nonspecific pattern, cerebrospinal fluid was normal and there was improvement with glycemic control. MRI findings were considered secondary to the hyperglycemic crisis.

Conclusion: Non-ketotic hyperglycemic states can manifest with several rare neurological alterations and recognizing them early is of vital importance given their potential reversibility. As in other metabolic disorders, epileptic seizures in this context can have focal-type characteristics. Although pathophysiological mechanisms are not clearly elucidated yet, multiple neuroimaging techniques promise to establish patterns that allow accurate and timely diagnosis.

Introducción. Las crisis convulsivas secundarias a trastornos metabólicos son frecuentes en muchos contextos clínicos; sin embargo, las manifestaciones clínicas y los hallazgos en neuroimágenes en pacientes con crisis hiperglicémicas son menos frecuentes y tienen una fisiopatología poco clara.

Presentación del caso. Paciente masculino de 68 años de edad quien presentó una crisis convulsiva focal y hemianopsia homónima derecha después de haber presentado una crisis hiperglicémica
no cetósica. La resonancia magnética cerebral mostró una lesión hipointensa en T2 y FLAIR con restricción a la difusión en la corteza cerebral de los lóbulos occipital, temporal medial y parietal del lado izquierdo. La espectroscopía mostró un patrón inespecífico y el estudio del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) fue normal, lo que descartó etiologías infecciosas, vasculares y tumorales. El paciente mejoró con el control glicémico.

Conclusión. Los estados hiperglicémicos no cetóticos pueden manifestarse con varias alteraciones neurológicas poco frecuentes; dada su reversibilidad potencial, su reconocimiento temprano es de vital importancia. A pesar de que los mecanismos fisiopatológicos aún no se han aclarado del todo, las diferentes técnicas de neuroimagen prometen establecer patrones que permiten un diagnóstico preciso y oportuno.

 

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Cómo citar

Arenas-Vargas, L. E., Arenas-Diaz, R. D., Hernandez-Rojas, E., & Riaño-Montañez, F. (2020). Hallazgos en resonancia magnética cerebral en un paciente con crisis hiperglicémica no cetósica. Reporte de caso. Case Reports, 6(2), 146-155. https://doi.org/10.15446/cr.v6n2.83866