Stress Evaluation Using Finite Elements in a Manual Agricultural Tool
Evaluación de esfuerzos mediante elementos finitos en una herramienta agrícola de acción manual
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.104844Keywords:
handheld tools, elastic limits, fatigue, sustainable agriculture, ergonomics (en)herramientas manuales, límites elásticos, fatiga, agricultura sostenible, ergonomía (es)
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This study addresses the imperative need for efficient hand-held agricultural tools, particularly in challenging contexts like hillside agriculture, by focusing on the redesign and evaluation of a manual tillage tool. The objective is to comprehensively assess the stress and fatigue life of a redesigned tool, considering different manufacturing materials such as steels (AISI/SAE 4140, 4130, 1060), A356 aluminum, and nodular cast irons. Employing finite element method simulations and the Von Mises equation, this research confirms an optimal performance within elastic limits for all materials, mitigating the risks of plastic deformation or breakage during normal operation, with Von Mises stresses ranging from 8.39 to 16.30 MPa. All the tools yielded optimal results, meeting the critical requirements for soil penetration resistance, reporting no fatigue failures, and exhibiting useful life values over 1.75 x 1013 years. In terms of ergonomics, A356 aluminum stands out, as it is less heavy and implies a lower effort by the operator, promoting efficient tillage without compromising comfort. This research provides nuanced insights for the design of agricultural tools, emphasizing the harmonious balance between efficiency, longevity, and operator comfort in sustainable practices.
Este estudio aborda la imperiosa necesidad de herramientas agrícolas manuales que sean eficientes, especialmente en ámbitos desafiantes como la agricultura en laderas, centrándose en el rediseño y evaluación de una herramienta de labranza manual. El objetivo es evaluar exhaustivamente la tensión y la vida útil ante la fatiga de una herramienta rediseñada considerando diferentes materiales de fabricación como aceros (AISI/SAE 4140, 4130, 1060), aluminio A356 y hierros fundidos nodulares. Empleando simulaciones del método de elementos finitos y la ecuación de Von Mises, esta investigación confirma un rendimiento óptimo dentro de los límites elásticos para todos los materiales, mitigando los riesgos de deformación plástica o rotura durante la operación normal, con tensiones de Von Mises que van de 8.39 a 16.30 MPa. Todas las herramientas presentaron resultados óptimos, cumpliendo con los requisitos críticos de resistencia a la penetración del suelo, sin reportar fallas por fatiga y demostrando valores de vida útil superiores a 1.75 x 1013 años. En términos de ergonomía, el aluminio A356 se destaca por ser menos pesado e implicar un menor esfuerzo por parte del operador, promoviendo una labranza eficiente sin comprometer la comodidad. Esta investigación proporciona percepciones matizadas para el diseño de herramientas agrícolas, enfatizando el equilibrio armonioso entre eficiencia, longevidad y comodidad del operador en prácticas sostenibles.
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