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Current data warehousing and OLAP technologies’ status applied to spatial databases
Estado actual de las tecnologías de bodega de datos y OLAP aplicadas a bases de datos espaciales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v27n1.14782Keywords:
OLAP, spatial OLAP, data warehouse, spatial data warehouse, GIS (en)OLAP, OLAP espacial, bodega de datos, bodega de datos espacial, SIG (es)
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Organisations require their information on a timely, dynamic, friendly, centralised and easy-to-access basis for analysing it and taking correct decisions at the right time. Centralisation can be achieved with data warehouse technology. On-line analytical processing (OLAP) is used for analysis. Technologies using graphics and maps in data presentation can be exploited for an overall view of a company and helping to take better decisions. Geographic information systems (GIS) are useful for spatially locating information and representing it using maps. Data warehouses are generally implemented with a multidimensional data model to make OLAP analysis easier. A fundamental point in this model is the definition of measurements and dimensions; geography lies within such dimensions. Many researchers have concluded that the geographic dimension is another attribute for describing data in current analysis systems but without having an in-depth study of its spatial feature and without locating them on a map, like GIS does. Seen this way, interoperability is necessary between GIS and OLAP (called spatial OLAP or SOLAP) and several entities are currently researching this. This document summarises the current status of such research.
Las organizaciones requieren de una información oportuna, dinámica, amigable, centralizada y de fácil acceso para analizar y tomar decisiones acertadas y correctas en el momento preciso. La centralización se logra con la tecnología de bodega de datos. El análisis lo proporcionan los sistemas de procesamiento analítico en línea, OLAP (On Line Analytical Processing). Y en la presentación de los datos se pueden aprovechar tecnologías que usen gráficos y mapas para tener una visión global de la compañía y así tomar mejores decisiones. Aquí son útiles los sistemas de información geográfica, SIG, que están diseñados para ubicar espacialmente la información y representarla por medio de mapas. Las bodegas de datos generalmente se implementan con el modelo multidimensional para facilitar los análisis con OLAP. Uno de los puntos fundamentales de este modelo es la definición de medidas y de dimensiones, entre las cuales está la geografía. Diversos investigadores del tema han concluido que en los sistemas de análisis actuales la dimensión geográfica es un atributo mes que describe los datos, pero sin profundizar en su parte espacial y sin ubicarlos en un mapa, como si se hace en los SIG. Visto de esa manera, es necesaria la interoperabilidad entre SIG y OLAP (que ha recibido el nombre de Spatial OLAP o SOLAP) y diversas entidades han adelantado varios trabajos de investigación para lograrla.
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