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A comparative study of GERIPA ethanol with other fuels
Comparación entre el etanol obtenido en GERIPA y otros combustibles
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v29n2.15165Keywords:
ethanol, biofuel, distillery (en)etanol, biocombustibles, destilerías (es)
The GERIPA project aimed at generating renewable energy integrated with food production has led to a beneficial option for producing ethanol and electricity. Ethanol has economic, social and environmental potential. Considering just the first one, Brazil consumes 39 billion liters per year-LD/yr of diesel oil, 18% of it being imported. The Federal Government has a recovery programme for the soybean agribusiness aimed at soybean biodiesel (SBD) production in which a 10% addition to diesel has been proposed. This 10% involves producing 10.7 million LSBD/d. Soybean biodiesel production is not self-sustainable and such proposal could require an annual subsidy of up to US$1.33 billion. Soybean plantations would need about 10 to 12 times more land than is necessary for sugarcane plantations to produce the same equivalent thermal energy (ETE). Sixty-seven GERIPA projects (GP) producing 80,000 liters of ethanol per day (GP80) could be set up with the sum of US$1.33 billion; this would substitute current Brazilian biodiesel demand by 4.28%, adding the same value for each new subsidiary. Considering ETE, ethanol-GP cost would be 37% to 50% below that for a liter of SBD on account of its raw material (RM) and region. The diesel cycle's thermal efficiency (ηt) yield is around 50% and that of the Otto cycle engine ηt is around 37%. The cost per km driven (CKD) by substituting SBD for ethanol-GP80 would thus indicate an 18% minimum and 59% maximum cost reduction for vehicle engines.
La generación de energía renovable integrada a la producción de alimentos desarrollada en el Proyecto Geripa (PG) es una opción beneficiosa para la producción de etanol y electricidad. Las potencialidades del etanol son económicas, sociales y ambientales. Considerando sólo la primera potencialidad, el aspecto económico, Brasil consume 39 billones de litros de diesel LD/año, el 18% importado. El Gobierno federal tiene un programa de recuperación en la agroindustria de la soya para la producción de biodiesel de soya (SBD) adicionando el 10% al diesel. Este 10% corresponde a 10,7 millones LSBD/d. El biodiesel de soya no es sustentable por sí mismo y una propuesta como esa pudiera demandar un subsidio anual de 1,33 billones de dólares. Las plantaciones de soya para producir la misma energía térmica equivalente (ETE) requieren de 10 a 12 veces más tierra que la que se necesitaría para una plantación de caña de azúcar. Con el fin de verificar esta afirmación, con los 1,33 billones de dólares pudieran construirse 67 PG produciendo 80 000 litros de etanol por día (PG80), que sustituiría el actual biodiesel brasileño demandado en 4,28%, adicionándose el mismo valor para cada nueva subsidiaria. Considerando la ETE, el costo del etanol de la PG es 37-50% menor que el de un litro de SBD, en dependencia de su materia prima (RM) y región. La eficiencia térmica del ciclo diesel ηt es aproximadamente 50% y la del ciclo Otto 37%. Por tanto, para vehículos, el costo por km recorrido (CKD) sustituyendo SBD por etanol-PG80 indica una reducción mínima del costo del 18% y máxima del 59%.
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Copyright (c) 2009 Geraldo Lombardi, Pedro A. Rodríguez Ramos, Aldo Ometto, Romeu Corsini, Osney Pérez Ones, Lourdes Zumalacárregui de Cárdenas
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