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Rating curve estimation using Envisat virtual stations on the main Orinoco river
Estimación de curvas de gasto en estaciones virtuales Envisat sobre el cauce principal del río Orinoco
Keywords:
biogas, oxygen enrichment, greenhouse gas, combustion property (en)altimetría radar, monitoreo hidrológico, estaciones virtuales, curvas de gasto, cuenca del Orinoco (es)
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Rating curve estimation (height-stream relation) made by hydrometric stations representing cross-sections of a river is one of hydrometrics' fundamental tasks due to the fact that it leads to deducing a river's average daily flow on that particular section. This information is fundamental in any attempt at hydrological modelling. However, the number of hydrological control stations monitoring large hydrological basins has been reduced worldwide. Space hydrology studies during the last five years have shown that satellite radar altimetry means that hydrological monitoring networks' available information can be densified due to the introduction of so-called virtual stations and the joint use of such information along with in-situ measured flow records for estimating expenditure curves at these stations. This study presents the rating curves for 4 Envisat virtual stations located on the main stream of the Orinoco River. Virtual stations' flows were estimated by using the Muskin-gum-Cunge 1D model. There was less than 1% error between measured and estimated flows. The methodology led to reducing average zero flow depth; in this case, it led to depths ranging from 11 to 20 meters being found along the 130 km of the Orinoco River represented by the virtual stations being considered.
La estimación de curvas de gasto (relación altura-caudal) para las estaciones hidrométricas que representan las secciones transversales de un río es una de las tareas fundamentales de la hidrometría, ya que estas permiten, entre otras cosas, la deducción de los caudales medios diarios del río sobre esas secciones. Dicha información es fundamental para cualquier tentativa de modelación hidrológica; sin embargo, la disminución de estaciones de control para el monitorio hidrológico sobre grandes cuencas es patente a nivel mundial. Desde hace cinco años diferentes estudios en hidrología espacial han demostrado que la altimetría radar por satélite permite densificar la información disponible sobre las redes de monitoreo hidrológico gracias a la introducción de las llamadas estaciones virtuales y que la utilización conjunta de esta información, junto con registros de caudales medidos in situ implican la estimación de curvas de gasto en las nombradas estaciones. Este estudio presenta las curvas de gasto deducidas para cuatro estaciones virtuales Envisat sobre el cauce principal del río Orinoco. Los caudales en las estaciones virtuales fueron estimados aplicando el modelo 1D de Muskingum-Cunge. Los errores entre caudales medidos y estimados son inferiores al 1%. Se ha aplicado una metodología que permite deducir la profundidad media del flujo cero, la cual en este caso nos ha llevado a encontrar profundidades que varían entre once y veinte metros a lo largo de los 130 km del río Orinoco representados por las estaciones virtuales consideradas.
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