Published

2018-05-01

Effects of employees’ physical and psychological characteristics over manufacturing systems’ performance

Efectos de las características físicas y psicológicas de los empleados en el desempeño de los sistemas de manufactura

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v38n2.65202

Keywords:

Macroergonomics, employees’ characteristics, Macroergonomic Compatibility Questionnaire, Structural Equations Modeling, manufacturing systems. (en)
Macroergonomía, características de los empleados, Cuestionario de Compatibilidad Macroergonómica (CCM), Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales, sistemas de manufactura. (es)

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Authors

  • Arturo Realyvásquez Technological Institute of Tijuana
  • Aide Aracely Maldonado-Macías Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez
  • Jorge Luis Garcia-Alcaraz Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez

One of the main challenges in Macroergonomics is to develop a universal model to measure macroergonomic compatibility. As a first step to develop such model, it is necessary to validate the construct of macroergonomic compatibility (MC). MC refers to the ability of the different work system components and elements to complement the capabilities and limitations of employees in order to achieve companies’ goals. In that regard, to achieve this step, this paper analyzes the effects of MC of physical and psychological characteristics of employees over the performance of manufacturing systems measured by the clients, production processes, and the organizational performance of companies. Data was obtained from 188 employees of manufacturing systems by means of the Macroergonomic Compatibility Questionnaire (MCQ) in Chihuahua, Mexico. Also, data is analyzed to propose and test a hypothetical causal model of the relationships among the variables by using a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach. Employees’ physical characteristics (weight, height, strength) are considered as independent variable. The highest direct effects values (ß) were found from physical characteristics to psychological characteristics (0,49), from clients to organizational performance (0,45), and from psychological characteristics to motivation and needs. Also, the highest total effects were found from physical characteristics to motivation and needs (0,517) and psychological characteristics (0,488) and from clients to organizational performance (0,454). Results of this model offer relevant knowledge to develop macroergonomic strategies for manufacturing systems in order to increase their competitiveness and support the design and improvement of these systems.

Uno de los principales desafíos en Macroergonomía es desarrollar un modelo universal para medir la compatibilidad macroergonómica (CM). Como primer paso para desarrollar dicho modelo, es necesario validar el constructo de CM. CM se refiere a la capacidad de los elementos y componentes de un sistema de trabajo de considerar y complementar las capacidades y limitaciones de los empleados para así, alcanzar los objetivos de las compañías. En este sentido, este artículo analiza los efectos de las características físicas y psicológicas de los empleados sobre el desempeño de los sistemas de manufactura medidos mediante los clientes, procesos de producción, y el desempeño organizacional de la empresa. Los datos se obtuvieron de 188 empleados de sistemas de manufactura mediante el Cuestionario de Compatibilidad Macroergonómica (CCM), en el Estado de Chihuahua, México. El análisis de los datos se realiza para proponer y probar un modelo hipotético causal de las relaciones entre las variables a través de un Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales (MES). Las características físicas (peso, estatura, fuerza) son consideradas como variables independientes. Los mayores efectos directos fueron de las Características físicas sobre las Características psicológicas (0,49), de los clientes sobre el desempeño organizacional (0,45), y de las características psicológicas sobre la motivación y necesidades de los empleados. Los mayores efectos totales fueron de las características físicas sobre motivación y necesidades (0,517) y sobre características psicológicas (0,488), y de la variable clientes sobre el desempeño organizacional (0,454). Esto genera conocimiento relevante para el desarrollo de estrategias macroergonómicas que permitan incrementar la competitividad de los sistemas de manufactura y apoyar y mejorar el diseño de estos sistemas.

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