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Current Innovation Sources Driving The Spanish Electric Power Sector
Principales fuentes de innovación que están impulsando el sector de energía eléctrica en España en la actualidad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v41n3.85377Keywords:
innovation, electric power, Spain, innovation sources (en)innovación, España, fuentes de innovación, energía eléctrica (es)
Renewable energy is not simply the cornerstone of a transition, but an entire electric power revolution. However, which are the technologies with which power companies are going to redesign the electricity industry? Interviews were conducted with innovation managers of the biggest power companies in Spain to shed some light on the innovation sources upon which the electric power system of the future is based. The results revealed that renewable electricity represents a complete paradigm shift. Until now, the system’s net electricity balance has been achieved by adjusting power generation to its demand. However, in a renewable system, electricity generation is limited by and depends on environmental resources, so it cannot be sufficiently controlled to meet the demand at all times. Therefore, it is the electricity consumption that must be adjusted to generation. It was concluded that there are currently nine innovation sources that are redesigning the industry: renewable energy, energy storage systems, electric vehicles, Industry 4.0, smart grids, blockchain, distributed and selfconsumption generation, smart client, and demand side response. Moreover, it was found that system regulations established by governments, business sustainability plans, and open innovation by startups play key roles in the development of innovation.
Las energías renovables no son simplemente la piedra angular de una transición, sino de toda una revolución eléctrica. Sin embargo, ¿cuáles son las tecnologías con las que las compañías eléctricas van a rediseñar la industria eléctrica? Se realizaron entrevistas a los responsables de innovación de las principales compañías eléctricas en España con el objetivo de arrojar luz sobre las fuentes de innovación en las que se basa el sistema eléctrico del futuro. Los resultados revelaron que las energías renovables suponen un cambio completo de paradigma. Hasta ahora, el balance de energía neto del sistema se alcanza ajustando la generación de energía a la demanda. Sin embargo, en un sistema renovable, la generación de electricidad está limitada por y depende de los recursos medio ambientales, por lo que no se puede controlar lo suficiente para satisfacer la demanda en todo momento. Por lo tanto, es el consumo de energía el que se debe ajustar a la generación. Se concluyó que actualmente existen nueve líneas de innovación que están rediseñando la industria: las energías renovables, los sistemas de almacenamiento de energía, el vehículo eléctrico, la Industria 4.0, las redes inteligentes, el blockchain, la generación distribuida y autoconsumo, el smart client y el control de la demanda. Asimismo, la regulación del sistema establecida por los gobiernos, los planes de sostenibilidad de las empresas y la innovación abierta protagonizada por las startups tienen un papel fundamental en el desarrollo de la innovación.
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