Publicado
Impacto del capital humano gerencial en los emprendimientos de exportación de las pymes
Impact of Managerial Human Capital on SME Export Ventures
Impacto do capital humano gerencial nos empreendimentos de exportação das PMEs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v36n101.110975Palabras clave:
capital humano, emprendimiento, ecuaciones estructurales, exportaciones, pymes (es)human capital, entrepreneurship, exports, SMEs, structural equations (en)
capital humano, empreendedorismo, equações estruturais, exportações, PMEs (pt)
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Aunque la experiencia y orientación internacionales de los directivos destacan como competencias cruciales para la expansión internacional de sus empresas, poco se sabe sobre el mecanismo por el cual estas repercuten positivamente en los resultados de exportación de una empresa. Sus efectos positivos quedan implícitos y se dan solo por sentado. El propósito de este estudio es determinar cómo la experiencia y orientación internacionales de los directivos clave de pymes logran influir en el grado de internacionalización que alcanzan tales empresas. Para tal efecto, se utilizó una muestra de 132 directivos clave de pymes exportadoras y diseñó un modelo de investigación basado en literatura existente sobre emprendimiento internacional. Como metodología para el análisis se aplicaron complejas y rigurosas técnicas de modelación de ecuaciones estructurales basadas en covarianzas para comprobar las hipótesis del modelo. Los resultados muestran que la experiencia y orientación internacionales de los directivos clave solo tienen un efecto indirecto sobre el grado de internacionalización de una empresa. Además, la percepción de riesgo del directivo clave respecto a los emprendimientos de exportación es el factor crucial que explica la variación en el grado de internacionalización entre las pymes exportadoras. Las percepciones de los directivos clave actúan como un elemento moderador entre la experiencia internacional y el grado de internacionalización que alcanza sus empresas.
Although managers’ international experience and orientation stand out as crucial competencies for the international expansion of their firms, little is known about the mechanism through which they positively affect a firm’s export performance. Their positive effects remain implicit and are often taken for granted. The purpose of this study is to determine how the international experience and orientation of key SME managers influence the degree of internationalization achieved by these firms. To this end, a sample of 132 key managers from exporting SMEs was used, and a research model was designed based on the existing literature on international entrepreneurship. For the analysis, complex and rigorous covariance-based structural equation modeling techniques were applied to test the model’s hypotheses. The results show that the international experience and orientation of key managers have only an indirect effect on a firm’s degree of internationalization. Furthermore, key managers’ perception of risk regarding export ventures is the crucial factor explaining variation in the degree of internationalization among exporting SMEs. The perceptions of key managers act as a moderating element between international experience and the degree of internationalization achieved by their firms.
Embora a experiência e a orientação internacionais dos gestores se destaquem como competências cruciais para a expansão internacional de suas empresas, pouco se sabe sobre o mecanismo por meio do qual elas repercutem positivamente nos resultados de exportação de uma empresa. Seus efeitos positivos permanecem implícitos e são frequentemente dados como pressupostos. O objetivo deste estudo é determinar como a experiência e a orientação internacionais dos principais gestores de PMEs conseguem influenciar o grau de internacionalização alcançado por essas empresas. Para esse fim, utilizou-se uma amostra de 132 gestores-chave de PMEs exportadoras e foi desenhado um modelo de pesquisa baseado na literatura existente sobre empreendedorismo internacional. Como metodologia de análise, aplicaram-se técnicas complexas e rigorosas de modelagem de equações estruturais baseadas em covariâncias para testar as hipóteses do modelo. Os resultados mostram que a experiência e a orientação internacionais dos gestores-chave têm apenas um efeito indireto sobre o grau de internacionalização de uma empresa. Além disso, a percepção de risco do gestor-chave em relação aos empreendimentos de exportação é o fator crucial que explica a variação no grau de internacionalização entre as PMEs exportadoras. As percepções dos gestores-chave atuam como um elemento moderador entre a experiência internacional e o grau de internacionalização alcançado por suas empresas.
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