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Culture and Entrepreneurship: The Case of Latin America
Cultura y emprendimiento: El caso de Latinoamérica
Cultura e iniciativa empresarial: O caso da América Latina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v24n1spe.47616Palabras clave:
entrepreneurship, cultural values, Latin America, economic development (en)emprendimiento, valores culturales, Latinoamérica, desarrollo económico. (es)
empreendimento, valores culturais, américa latina, desenvolvimento econômico (pt)
The aim of this paper is to contribute to an increased knowledge of the cultural values and the entrepreneurial activity that are present in countries with different levels of development. Within the group of developing countries, we focus our analysis on the case of Latin America.
The study uses data from the Schwartz value survey (svs) to measure cultural values, and Global entrepreneurship monitor (Gem) for information regarding entrepreneurship. The results show that cultural variables, together with the rate of entrepreneurial activity, clearly distinguish developing countries from developed ones. Higher entrepreneurial activity is found in countries with lower levels of development; however, the cultural value dimensions of autonomy and egalitarianism are associated with higher development levels. In the specific case of Latin America, the results reveal the existence of two groups of countries. Firstly, Bolivia, Peru and Venezuela have higher rates of entrepreneurship and, at the same time, a greater prevalence of some cultural values (notably embeddedness, but also Hierarchy). In contrast, another group of countries in the region—Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica and Mexico—is characterized by the presence of opposing cultural values (autonomy and egalitarianism), more in line with those corresponding to developed countries.
The paper concludes with a discussion of the results, including some interesting implications, from both academic and policy perspectives. In the case of Latin America, a certain combination of cultural values (embeddedness and egalitarianism) may be leading to higher start-up rates. Thus, promoting these values could contribute to entrepreneurship and economic development.
El objetivo de este artículo es contribuir a aumentar el conocimiento de los valores culturales y la actividad emprendedora que están presentes en países con diferentes niveles de desarrollo. Dentro del grupo de los países en desarrollo, vamos a centrar nuestro análisis en el caso de américa latina.
Para este estudio se han usado datos provenientes de la Schwartz value survey (svs), para medir los valores culturales, y del Global entrepreneurship monitor (Gem) para la información referente a la actividad emprendedora.
Los resultados muestran que las variables culturales, junto con la tasa de actividad emprendedora, distinguen claramente a los países en desarrollo de los desarrollados. Un mayor nivel de emprendimiento se da en los países con menor desarrollo. Mientras, las dimensiones culturales de autonomía e igualitarismo se asocian con países de mayor desarrollo. En el caso específico de américa latina, los resultados revelan la existencia de dos grupos de países. En primer lugar, Bolivia, Perú y Venezuela tienen tasas más altas de iniciativa empresarial y, al mismo tiempo, una mayor prevalencia de algunos valores culturales (en particular, la pertenencia —o conservación—, pero también jerarquía). Por el contrario, otro grupo de países de la región, Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica y méxico, se caracteriza por la mayor presencia de valores culturales opuestos (autonomía e igualitarismo), más similares a los que corresponden a los países desarrollados.
El artículo concluye con una discusión de los resultados, incluyendo algunas implicaciones interesantes, desde las perspectivas académicas y políticas. En el caso de américa latina, una cierta combinación de valores culturales (pertenencia e igualitarismo) puede estar provocando mayor tasa de creación de empresas. Por tanto, la promoción de esos valores podría contribuir al emprendimiento y al desarrollo económico.
O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir para aumentar o conhecimento dos valores culturais e a atividade empresarial que estão presentes em países com diferentes níveis de desenvolvimento. Dentro do grupo dos países em desenvolvimento, vamos centrar a nossa análise no caso da américa latina.
Para este estudo foram utilizados dados provenientes da Schwartz value survey (svs), para medir os valores culturais, e do Global entrepreneurship monitor (Gem) para a informação referente à atividade empresarial.
Os resultados mostram que as variáveis culturais, junto com a taxa de atividade empresarial, diferenciam claramente os países em desenvolvimento dos desenvolvidos. Um maior nível de empreendimento acontece nos países com menor desenvolvimento. Enquanto isso, as dimensões culturais de autonomia e igualitarismo são associadas com países de maior desenvolvimento. No caso específico da américa latina, os resultados revelam a existência de dois grupos de países. Em primeiro lugar, Bolívia, Peru e Venezuela têm taxas mais altas de iniciativa empresarial e, ao mesmo tempo, maior prevalência de alguns valores culturais (principalmente o sentido de pertença - ou conservação -, mas também hierarquia); pelo contrário, outro grupo de países da região (Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica e méxico) se caracteriza pela maior presença de valores culturais opostos (autonomia e igualitarismo), mais parecidos aos que correspondem aos países desenvolvidos.
O artigo conclui com uma discussão sobre os resultados, incluindo algumas implicações interessantes, desde as perspectivas acadêmicas e políticas. No caso da américa latina, uma combinação de valores culturais (sentido de pertença e igualitarismo) pode estar provocando maior taxa de criação de empresas. Portanto, a promoção desses valores poderia contribuir para o empreendimento e para o desenvolvimento econômico.
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