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2016-04-01

Capital intelectual y ventajas competitivas en pymes basadas en recursos naturales de Latinoamérica

INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES IN NATURAL RESOURCE-BASED SMES IN LATIN AMERICA

CAPITAL INTELECTUAL E VANTANGENS COMPETITIVAS EM PMES BASEADAS EM RECURSOS NATURAIS DA AMÉRICA LATINA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v26n60.55548

Palabras clave:

Fuentes de ventaja competitiva, capital intelectual, resultados empresariales, pymes, Argentina (es)
Sources of competitive advantage, intellectual capital, business results, SVVEs, Argentina (en)
Fontes de vantagem competitiva, capital intelectual, resultados empresariais, PVEs, Argentina (pt)

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El enfoque de capital intelectual sugiere que este es fuente de ventajas competitivas. Las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) basadas en recursos naturales son una importante fuente de crecimiento en las economías latinoamericanas; sin embargo, presentan limitaciones de capital intelectual, lo que puede afectar su competitividad. Este trabajo analiza el proceso de generación de ventajas competitivas en estas pymes y, de modo especial, cuál es el efecto de los diferentes componentes de capital intelectual sobre el desempeño empresarial. El modelo teórico se estudia para el caso de pymes madereras de Oberá (Argentina). Los resultados sugieren que las pymes basadas en recursos naturales utilizan el capital intelectual junto con otros recursos para generar capacidades organizativas que, unidas al territorio, afectan a sus factores estratégicos, lo que les permite obtener mejores resultados. Dentro de ese modelo, se determinan elementos del capital humano (la actitud, la formación y las capacidades del personal), del capital estructural (la cultura la tecnología y la organización interna de la empresa) y del capital relacional (las relaciones con clientes y proveedores, la cooperación y la imagen de la empresa). Estos elementos mejoran las capacidades organizativas que son fuente de ventaja competitiva.
The Intellectual Capital Approach is rendered as a source of competitive advantage. small and medium enterprises (sivlEs) based on natural resources are an important source of growth for Latin American economies; however, they feature limitations regarding intellectual capital, which could affect their competitiveness. This paper analyzes the process of generating competitive advantages in these SMEs and, especially, the effect of the different components of intellectual capital on business performance. The theoretical model is studied for the case of logging siEs in Oberá (Argentina). Results suggest that resource-based SMEs use intellectual capital along with other resources to build organizational capabilities that, joint with the territory, affect strategic factors, allowing them to achieve better results. This model characterizes elements of the human capital (attitude, training and staff skills), the structural capital (culture, technology and internal organization of the company) and the relational capital (customer and supplier relationships, cooperation and image of the company). such elements enhance organizational capabilities as a source of competitive advantage.
O enfoque de capital intelectual sugere que este é fonte de vantagens competitivas. As pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs) baseadas em recursos naturais são uma importante fonte de crescimento nas economias latino-americanas; no entanto, apresentam limitações de capital intelectual, o que pode afetar sua competitividade. Este trabalho analisa o processo de geração de vantagens competitivas nessas PVEs e, de modo especial, qual é o efeito dos diferentes componentes de capital intelectual sobre o desempenho empresarial. O modelo teórico estuda-se para o caso de PVEs madeireiras de Oberá (Argentina). Os resultados sugerem que as PVEs baseadas em recursos naturais utilizam o capital intelectual junto com outros recursos para gerar capacidades organizativas que, unidas ao território, afetam seus fatores estratégicos, o que permite obter melhores resultados. Dentro desse modelo, determinam-se elementos do capital humano (a atitude, a formação e as capacidades do pessoal), do capital estrutural (a cultura, a tecnologia e a organização interna da empresa) e do capital relacional (as relações com clientes e provedores, a cooperação e a imagem da empresa). Esses elementos melhoram as capacidades organizativas que são fontes de vantagem competitiva.

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Fernández-Jardón, C. M., & Martos, M. S. (2016). Capital intelectual y ventajas competitivas en pymes basadas en recursos naturales de Latinoamérica. Innovar, 26(60), 117-132. https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v26n60.55548

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