Publicado

2016-10-01

Diseño y prueba de un cuestionario sobre la importancia percibida de las condiciones de trabajo en México

DESIGN AND TESTING OF A QUESTIONNAIRE ON THE PERCEIVED IMPORTANCE OF WORKING CONDITIONS IN MEXICO

DESENHO E PROVA DE UM QUESTIONÁRIO SOBRE A IMPORTÂNCIA PERCEBIDA DAS CONDIÇÕES DE TRABALHO NO MÉXICO

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v26n62.59394

Palabras clave:

Percepción de importancia, aspectos laborales, intención de abandono, rotación de personal (es)
Perceived importance, labor aspects, intention to quit, staff turnover (en)
percepção de importância, aspectos profissionais, intenção de abandono, rotatividade de pessoal (pt)

Autores/as

La percepción de la importancia que el empleado otorga a los distintos aspectos de su trabajo es una base de la representación social que tiene de la empresa en la que labora y de las actitudes hacia su trabajo, como la intención de abandono, que también se relacionan con aspectos no controlables por la empresa. El propósito de este estudio fue diseñar y probar un cuestionario para medir la importancia que los trabajadores conceden a los aspectos laborales e identificar su relación con la intención de abandonar la organización. El cuestionario se aplicó a 447 trabajadores (282 hombres y 165 mujeres) de empresas exportadoras de calzado de la ciudad de León, Guanajuato, México. Mediante un análisis factorial se identificaron cinco factores; la consistencia interna fue adecuada en todos los casos y la discriminación de todos los ítems resultó en la dirección esperada. La percepción sobre los factores del trabajo varió en importancia y no se relacionó con la intención de abandono, aunque un aspecto no controlable por la empresa (mejor salario) reveló indicios de una relación sobre la intención de abandono.

Perception of the importance an employee has on the different aspects of work is a basis of the social representation of the company he/she works for and of their attitudes towards work, as in the case of intentions to quit job and, therefore, job rotation, which are also related to non-controllable aspects by the company. The purpose of this study was to design and test a questionnaire to measure the importance that staff concedes to labor issues and to identify their relationship with their intention to leave the organization. The questionnaire was administered to 447 workers (282 men and 165 women) of companies exporting footwear from the city of Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico. Through factor analysis five main factors were identified. Internal consistency was adequate in all cases and discrimination of all items resulted in the expected direction. The perception of work factors varied in importance and was not related to the intention of abandonment; although one aspect not controllable by the company (higher pay) revealed evidence of a relationship of a desire to quit job. Studies on the relationship of the importance of labor issues such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, workplace aggression and labor market dynamics are suggested to be performed.
A percepção da importância que o empregado outorga aos diferentes aspectos de seu trabalho é uma base da representação social que ele tem da empresa na qual trabalha e das atitudes ante seu trabalho, como a intenção de abandono e, por consequência, a rotatividade de pessoal, que também se relacionam com aspectos não controláveis pela empresa. O propósito deste estudo foi desenhar e provar um questionário para medir a importância que os trabalhadores concedem aos aspectos profissionais e identificar sua relação com a intenção de abandonar a organização. O questionário foi aplicado a 447 trabalhadores (282 homens e 165 mulheres) de empresas exportadoras de calçado da cidade de León, Guanajuato (México). A partir de uma análise fatorial, identificaram-se cinco fatores; a consistência interna foi adequada em todos os casos, e a discriminação de todos os itens resultou na direção esperada. A percepção sobre os fatores do trabalho variou em importância e não se relacionou com a intenção de abandono; embora um aspecto não controlável pela empresa (melhor salário) tenha revelado indícios de uma relação sobre a intenção de abandono. Sugere-se realizar estudos referentes à relação da importância de aspectos profissionais como a satisfação no emprego, o compromisso organizacional, a agressão no trabalho e a dinâmica do mercado de trabalho.

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Cómo citar

Tamayo Contreras, P., Guevara-Sanginés, M. L., & Sánchez Santa-Bárbara, E. (2016). Diseño y prueba de un cuestionario sobre la importancia percibida de las condiciones de trabajo en México. Innovar, 26(62), 147-160. https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v26n62.59394