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The Effect of Psychological Capital Level of Employees on Workplace Stress and Employee Turnover Intention
Efecto del nivel de capital psicológico de los empleados sobre el estrés laboral y su intención de rotación
o efeito do nível de capital psicológico dos empregados sobre o seu estresse laboral e a sua intenção de mudança de emprego
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v28n68.70472Palabras clave:
Psychological capital, job stress, turnover intentions, efficacy, hope, optimism, resilience (en)capital psicológico, eficácia, esperança, estresse laboral, intenção de mudança de emprego, otimismo, resiliência (es)
capital psychologique, efficacité, espoir, stress au travail, intention de changer de travail, optimisme, résilience (pt)
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There have been ongoing debates on ways to manage occupational stress. One of the most important debates is on how to increase employees’ resistance level against stress. The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of psychological capital on workplace stress and turnover intention, and to reveal the mediation of workplace stress on the relationship between the psychological capital level of employees and turnover intention. Research was conducted on 719 employees of the tourism sector in Antalya (Turkey), thought to be under great stress due to the intense interaction with customers. In this context, confirmatory factor analysis was made in order to test whether the adapted scales were appropriate for research data. Hypotheses and the effect of mediation were tested through hierarchical regression. The results proved that psychological capital has a negative and significant effect on workplace stress and employee turnover intention. Furthermore, research outcomes showed that workplace stress partially mediates the effect of psychological capital on turnover intention. Practitioners of the tourism sector were advised about the importance of psychological capital, which can be improved by training, in terms of finding solutions to job stress and turnover rate.
Constantes debates han surgido en torno a los métodos para manejar el estrés laboral. Entre estas discusiones, uno de los temas más importantes es cómo incrementar el nivel de resistencia de los empleados contra el estrés. En ese sentido, el objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el efecto del capital psicológico sobre el estrés laboral y la intención de rotación laboral, así como evidenciar la mediación del estrés en el trabajo sobre la relación entre el nivel de capital psicológico de los empleados y su intención de rotación. La investigación se llevó a cabo en un grupo de 719 empleados del sector turístico en Antalya (Turquía), quienes aparentemente se encontraban bajo altos niveles de estrés debido a su constante interacción con los clientes. En este contexto, se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio para comprobar si las escalas adaptadas para el estudio resultaban ser adecuadas para el manejo de los datos obtenidos. Adicionalmente, las hipótesis y el efecto de la mediación fueron validados mediante regresión jerárquica. Los resultados demostraron que el capital psicológico tiene un efecto negativo y significativo sobre el estrés laboral y la intención de rotación de los empleados. Además, los hallazgos de la investigación mostraron que el estrés laboral posee cierto rol mediador en el efecto del capital psicológico sobre la intención de rotación laboral. Los profesionales del sector turístico encontrarán información sobre la importancia del capital psicológico, el cual puede ser mejorado mediante planes de capacitación, con el fin de identificar soluciones al estrés laboral y la tasa de rotación de empleados.
Constantes debates têm surgido em relação aos métodos para manejar o estresse laboral. Entre essas discussões, um dos temas mais importantes é como aumentar o nível de resistência dos empregados contra o estresse. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar o efeito do capital psicológico sobre o estresse laboral e a intenção de mudança de emprego, assim como evidenciar a mediação do estresse no trabalho sobre a relação entre o nível de capital psicológico dos empregados e a sua intenção de mudança de emprego. A pesquisa foi realizada em um grupo de 719 empregados do setor turístico, em Antália (Turquia), que, aparentemente, estavam sob altos níveis de estresse, devido à constante interação deles com os clientes. Nesse contexto, foi realizada uma análise fatorial confirmatória para comprovar se as escalas adaptadas para o estudo eram adequadas para o tratamento dos dados obtidos. Adicionalmente, as hipóteses e o efeito da mediação foram validados mediante regressão hierárquica. Os resultados demonstraram que o capital psicológico tem um efeito negativo e significativo sobre o estresse laboral e a intenção de mudança de emprego dos funcionários. Além disso, os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que o estresse laboral possui certo um papel mediador no efeito do capital psicológico sobre a intenção de rotação laboral. Os profissionais do setor turístico encontrarão informação sobre a importância do capital psicológico, o qual pode ser melhorado mediante planos de capacitação, com a finalidade de identificar soluções para o estresse laboral e a taxa de rotação de empregados.
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