Published

2025-01-13

Language Learning Materials Counteracting Rural Racializations: A Practical Attempt in ELT

Materiales para el aprendizaje de lenguas que contrarrestan racializaciones rurales: un intento práctico en la enseñanza de inglés

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/profile.v27n1.114130

Keywords:

didactic proposal, English language teaching, racialization, rural Colombia (en)
Colombia rural, enseñanza del inglés, propuesta didáctica, racialización (es)

Downloads

Authors

Colombia is one of the most socioeconomically unequal countries worldwide, with rural regions facing severe poverty, under-resourced schools, precarious economic opportunities, and an unresolved armed conflict. These inequalities are often overlooked in ELT policies and social practices, as rural institutions and educational actors are expected to adhere to English teaching goals that are more aligned with an urban ideal. This misrecognition of the rural socioeconomic and cultural conditions, along with historical racial intersections from colonization, contribute to emerging forms of racialization. Drawing on our research to explore the linkages between L2 education and race, this article examines the racialization of rurality from an ELT angle and introduces a didactic proposal to foster critical consciousness and enact deracialization.

Colombia es uno de los países más desiguales socioeconómicamente, con regiones rurales que enfrentan pobreza extrema, escuelas con pocos recursos, oportunidades económicas limitadas y un conflicto armado no resuelto. Estas desigualdades suelen pasarse por alto en las políticas de enseñanza del inglés, ya que se espera que las instituciones rurales se alineen con metas diseñadas para contextos urbanos. Este desconocimiento de las condiciones socioeconómicas y culturales de las áreas rurales, junto con las intersecciones raciales históricas de la colonización, contribuyen a nuevas formas de racialización. Basándonos en nuestra investigación sobre las relaciones entre la enseñanza de una segunda lengua y la raza, este artículo examina la racialización de la ruralidad en la enseñanza del inglés y presenta una propuesta didáctica para fomentar la conciencia crítica y la desracialización.

References

Banton, M. (2002). Racial theories (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511583407

Bonilla-Medina, S. (2018). Racial identity in educational practices in the context of Colombia [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of East London.

Bonilla-Medina, S., & Cruz-Arcila, F. (2014). Critical socio-cultural elements of the intercultural endeavour of English teaching in Colombian rural areas. Profile: Issues in Teachers’ Professional Development, 16(2), 117–133. https://doi.org/10.15446/profile.v16n2.40423

Bonilla-Medina, S., Cruz-Arcila, F., & Solano-Cohen, V. (2022). Configuraciones de alteridad en prácticas pedagógicas de segundas lenguas —español e inglés— en Colombia. Praxis & Saber, 13(35), e14712. https://doi.org/10.19053/22160159.v13.n35.2022.14712

Bonilla-Medina, S., Cruz-Arcila, F., & Solano-Cohen, V. (Eds.). (2024). Raza, racialización y educación en segundas lenguas. Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas.

Cárdenas, M. L. (2006). Bilingual Colombia: Are we ready for it? What is needed? [Paper presentation]. 19th Annual EA Education Conference, Perth, Australia.

Coleman, H. (2010). The English language in development. British Council. https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/publications/case-studies-insights-and-research/english-language-development

Crookes, G. V. (2013). Critical ELT in action: Foundations, promises, praxis. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203844250

Cruz-Arcila, F. (2017). ELT policy interpretations and translations in rural Colombia. Current Issues in Language Planning, 19(4), 363–382. https://doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2017.1377903

Cruz-Arcila, F., & Bonilla-Medina, S. X. (2021). Configuración de identidad racial de aprendientes de segundas lenguas en el contexto colombiano. Folios, (54), 151–168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17227/folios.54-11330

Cruz-Arcila, F., Solano-Cohen, V., & Bonilla-Medina, X. (2024). Beyond words: empoderamiento y justicia social en el aprendizaje de español e inglés como lenguas adicionales. Instituto Caro y Cuervo. https://bit.ly/3NcfOxJ

Cuestas-Caza, J. (2019). El discurso del desarrollo en las políticas públicas: del postdesarrollo a la crítica decolonial. Trayectorias Humanas Trascontinentales, 4. https://doi.org/10.25965/trahs.1561

DANE. (2021). Pobreza monetaria y multidimensional en Colombia 2021. Retrieved from https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/pobreza-y-condiciones-de-vida/pobreza-monetaria

de Mejía, A.-M. (2006). Bilingual education in Colombia: Towards a recognition of languages, cultures, and identities. Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal, (8), 152–168. https://doi.org/10.14483/22487085.176

Delgado, R., & Stefancic, J. (2023). Critical race theory: An introduction (4th ed.). New York University Press. https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479818297.001.0001

Escobar, A. (2005). El “postdesarrollo” como concepto y práctica social. In D. Mato (Ed.), Políticas de economía, ambiente y sociedad en tiempos de globalización (pp. 17–31). Universidad Central de Venezuela.

Fraser, N. (1997). Justice interruptus: Critical reflections on the “postsocialist” condition. Routledge.

Freire, P. (2000). Pedagogy of the oppressed (M. Bergman Ramos, Trans.). Bloomsbury. (Original work published 1968)

García, O., Flores, N., Seltzer, K., Wei, L., Otheguy, R., & Rosa, J. (2021). Rejecting abyssal thinking in the language and education of racialized bilinguals: A manifesto. Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 18(3), 203–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427587.2021.1935957

García, O., & Wei, L. (2014). Translanguaging: Language, bilingualism and education. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137385765

González, A. (2007). Professional development of EFL teachers in Colombia: Between colonial and local practices. Íkala, Revista de Lenguaje y Cultura, 12(1), 309–332. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.ikala.2722

Gray, J. (2013). Neoliberalism, celebrity, and “aspirational content” in English language teaching textbooks for the global market. In D. Block, J. Gray, & M. Holborow (Eds.), Neoliberalism and applied linguistics (pp. 86–113). Routledge.

Guerrero Nieto, C. H. (2009). Language policies in Colombia: The inherited disdain for our native languages. How Journal, 16(1), 11–24. https://www.howjournalcolombia.org/index.php/how/article/view/74

Hoffmann, O. (2016). Divergencias construidas, convergencias por construir: identidad, territorio y gobierno en la ruralidad colombiana. Revista Colombiana de Antropología, 52(1), 17–39. https://doi.org/10.22380/2539472X1

Hurie, A. H. (2018). English for peace? Coloniality, neoliberal ideology, and discursive expansion in Colombia Bilingüe. Íkala, Revista de Lenguaje y Cultura, 23(2), 333–354. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.ikala.v23n02a09

Kang, J. (2005). Trojan horses of race. Harvard Law Review, 118(5), 1489–1514.

Kubota, R., & Lin, A. (2009). Race, culture, and identities in second language education: Introduction to research and practice. In R. Kubota & A. Lin (Eds.), Race, culture and identities in second language education: Exploring critically engaged practice (pp. 1–24). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203876657

Kumaravadivelu, B. (2003). Beyond methods: Macrostrategies for language teaching. Yale University Press.

Luke, A. (2008). La raza y la lengua como capital en las escuelas: una propuesta sociológica para las reformas en educación lingüística (C. Díaz Mosquera, Trans.). Revista Educación y Pedagogía, 20(51), 25–49.

Mackenzie, L. (2022). Linguistic imperialism, English, and development: Implications for Colombia. Current Issues in Language Planning, 23(2), 137–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2021.1939977

Martínez-Restrepo, S., Pertuz, M. C., & Ramírez, J. M. (2016). La situación de la educación rural en Colombia, los desafíos del posconflicto y la transformación del campo. Alianza Compartir Fedesarrollo. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2AU0WP2

McNamara, T. (2011). Managing learning: Authority and language assessment. Language Teaching, 44(4), 500–515. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444811000073

Meneses, Y. A. (2012). Maestro: ¿Promotor de la cultura y/o promotor del racismo? Reflexiones en torno al surgimiento de la escuela en el estado-nación, el racismo en la escuela y la condición maestro en el estado pluriétnico y multicultural. Plumilla Educativa, 9(1), 281–296. https://doi.org/10.30554/plumillaedu.9.447.2012

Ministerio de Educación Nacional. (2014). Colombia very well! Programa Nacional de inglés 2015–2025: documento de socialización.

Mohanty, A. (2017). Multilingualism, education, English and development: Whose development? In H. Coleman (Ed.), Multilingualisms and development: Selected proceedings of the 11th Language & Development Conference, New Delhi, India 2015 (pp. 261–280). British Council.

Morales-Vidal, E., & Cassany, D. (2020). El mundo según los libros de texto: análisis crítico del discurso aplicado a materiales de español LE/L2. Journal of Spanish Language Teaching, 7(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/23247797.2020.1790161

Ng’weno, B. (2007). Can ethnicity replace race? Afro‐Colombians, indigeneity, and the Colombian multicultural state. The Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology, 12(2), 414–440. https://doi.org/10.1525/jlat.2007.12.2.414

Palacios, M. (2003). Entre la legitimidad y la violencia: Colombia 1875–1994. Norma.

Pennycook, A. (2001). Critical applied linguistics: A critical introduction (1st ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410600790

Pérez, E. (2004). El mundo rural latinoamericano y la nueva ruralidad. Nómadas, 20, 180–193.

Quintero Polo, Á. H., & Guerrero Nieto, C. H. (2013). “Of being and not being:” Colombian public elementary school teachers’ oscillating identities. How Journal, 20(1), 190–205.

Rico Troncoso, C. (2010). The effects of language materials on the development of intercultural competence. In B. Tomlinson & H. Masuhara (Eds.), Research for materials development in language learning (pp. 85–102). Continuum.

Robinson, J. A. (2014). Prólogo: la realidad colombiana. En M. T. Ronderos, Guerras recicladas: una historia del paramilitarismo en Colombia. Aguilar.

Ruiz Ruiz, N. Y. (2008). Las particularidades del proceso urbanizador en Colombia. Bitácora Urbano Territorial, 12(1), 91–104.

Satizábal, S., Umaña, M., Ospina, C., & Penagos, A. (2021). Educación superior rural, desafíos y oportunidades para su desarrollo (Documento de trabajo núm. 268). RIMISP.

Savski, K. (2023). CEFR and the ELT practitioner: Empowerment or enforcement? ELT Journal, 77(1), 62–71. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccac013

Solan, S. (2021, December 16). Farm life [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dJCivn7p4GU&t=594s

Solano-Cohen, V. (2020). Literatura y narcotráfico en Colombia: 1994–2011: la construcción discursiva de la violencia en la novela colombiana. Centro de Estudios Avanzados. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv31vqp1k

Solórzano, D. G., & Yosso, T. J. (2001). Maintaining social justice hopes within academic realities: A Freirean approach to critical race/LatCrit pedagogy [Paper presentation]. Theory and Praxis in a World of Economic Inequality, Denver University.

Talmy, S. (2010). Becoming “local” in ESL: Racism as resource in a Hawai’i public high school. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 9(1), 36–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/15348451003620871

Usma Wilches, J. A. (2009). Education and language policy in Colombia: Exploring processes of inclusion, exclusion, and stratification in times of global reform. Profile: Issues in Teachers’ Professional Development, 11(1), 123–141. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/profile/article/view/10551

Usma Wilches, J. (2015). From transnational language policy transfer to local appropriation: The case of the national bilingual program in Medellín, Colombia. Deep University Press.

Wade, P. (1995). Blackness and race mixture: The dynamics of racial identity in Colombia. Johns Hopkins University Press. https://doi.org/10.56021/9780801844584

Walsh, C. (2010). Interculturalidad crítica y pedagogía de-colonial: apuestas (des)de el in-surgir, re-existir y re-vivir. UMSA Revista (Entre Palabras), 3, 30–35.

World Bank Group. (2021). Hacia la construcción de una sociedad equitativa en Colombia.

Yosso, T. J. (2005). Whose culture has capital? A critical race theory discussion of community cultural wealth. Race Ethnicity and Education, 8(1), 69–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/1361332052000341006

Zamudio, M., Russell, C., Rios, F., & Bridgeman, J. L. (2011). Critical race theory matters: Education and ideology. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203842713

How to Cite

APA

Cruz-Arcila, F., Bonilla-Medina, S. X. & Solano-Cohen, V. (2025). Language Learning Materials Counteracting Rural Racializations: A Practical Attempt in ELT. Profile: Issues in Teachers’ Professional Development, 27(1), 207–225. https://doi.org/10.15446/profile.v27n1.114130

ACM

[1]
Cruz-Arcila, F., Bonilla-Medina, S.X. and Solano-Cohen, V. 2025. Language Learning Materials Counteracting Rural Racializations: A Practical Attempt in ELT. Profile: Issues in Teachers’ Professional Development. 27, 1 (Jan. 2025), 207–225. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/profile.v27n1.114130.

ACS

(1)
Cruz-Arcila, F.; Bonilla-Medina, S. X.; Solano-Cohen, V. Language Learning Materials Counteracting Rural Racializations: A Practical Attempt in ELT. Profile: Issues Teach. Prof. Dev. 2025, 27, 207-225.

ABNT

CRUZ-ARCILA, F.; BONILLA-MEDINA, S. X.; SOLANO-COHEN, V. Language Learning Materials Counteracting Rural Racializations: A Practical Attempt in ELT. Profile: Issues in Teachers’ Professional Development, [S. l.], v. 27, n. 1, p. 207–225, 2025. DOI: 10.15446/profile.v27n1.114130. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/profile/article/view/114130. Acesso em: 16 mar. 2026.

Chicago

Cruz-Arcila, Ferney, Sandra Ximena Bonilla-Medina, and Vanessa Solano-Cohen. 2025. “Language Learning Materials Counteracting Rural Racializations: A Practical Attempt in ELT”. Profile: Issues in Teachers’ Professional Development 27 (1):207-25. https://doi.org/10.15446/profile.v27n1.114130.

Harvard

Cruz-Arcila, F., Bonilla-Medina, S. X. and Solano-Cohen, V. (2025) “Language Learning Materials Counteracting Rural Racializations: A Practical Attempt in ELT”, Profile: Issues in Teachers’ Professional Development, 27(1), pp. 207–225. doi: 10.15446/profile.v27n1.114130.

IEEE

[1]
F. Cruz-Arcila, S. X. Bonilla-Medina, and V. Solano-Cohen, “Language Learning Materials Counteracting Rural Racializations: A Practical Attempt in ELT”, Profile: Issues Teach. Prof. Dev., vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 207–225, Jan. 2025.

MLA

Cruz-Arcila, F., S. X. Bonilla-Medina, and V. Solano-Cohen. “Language Learning Materials Counteracting Rural Racializations: A Practical Attempt in ELT”. Profile: Issues in Teachers’ Professional Development, vol. 27, no. 1, Jan. 2025, pp. 207-25, doi:10.15446/profile.v27n1.114130.

Turabian

Cruz-Arcila, Ferney, Sandra Ximena Bonilla-Medina, and Vanessa Solano-Cohen. “Language Learning Materials Counteracting Rural Racializations: A Practical Attempt in ELT”. Profile: Issues in Teachers’ Professional Development 27, no. 1 (January 13, 2025): 207–225. Accessed March 16, 2026. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/profile/article/view/114130.

Vancouver

1.
Cruz-Arcila F, Bonilla-Medina SX, Solano-Cohen V. Language Learning Materials Counteracting Rural Racializations: A Practical Attempt in ELT. Profile: Issues Teach. Prof. Dev. [Internet]. 2025 Jan. 13 [cited 2026 Mar. 16];27(1):207-25. Available from: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/profile/article/view/114130

Download Citation

CrossRef Cited-by

CrossRef citations0

Dimensions

PlumX

Article abstract page views

1775

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.