English Language Teachers’ Perceived Classroom Assessment Knowledge and Practice: Developing and Validating a Scale
Percepciones de docentes de inglés sobre el conocimiento y la práctica de la evaluación en el aula: desarrollo y validación de una escala
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/profile.v24n2.90518Keywords:
classroom assessment, classroom-based language assessment literacy, English as a foreign language teachers, scale development (en)desarrollo de escalas, evaluación en el aula, evaluación del lenguaje en el aula, literacidad, profesores de inglés (es)
This study sought to develop and validate a classroom-based language assessment literacy scale to measure teachers’ perceived classroom-based assessment knowledge and practice. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the scale items clustered around four factors: (a) purposes of assessment and grading, (b) assessment ethics, (c) student involvement in assessment, and (d) feedback and assessment interpretation. Moreover, the scale was administered to 348 Iranian English as a foreign language teachers. The findings showed that the majority reported to be literate in classroom-based language assessment and agreed to the allocation of more space to classroom-based language assessment in teacher education courses. The findings suggest that the newly-developed scale can serve as a valid and reliable tool to explore language teachers’ classroom-based assessment literacy.
Este estudio desarrolló y validó una escala de literacidad de evaluación del lenguaje para identificar las percepciones de 348 docentes de inglés iraníes sobre el conocimiento y la práctica de la evaluación en el aula. Los ítems de la escala se dividieron en: a) propósitos de evaluación y calificación, b) ética de la evaluación, c) participación de los estudiantes en la evaluación y d) retroalimentación e interpretación de la evaluación. Varios participantes informaron ser competentes en la evaluación del lenguaje en el aula y estuvieron de acuerdo con asignar más tiempo para este aspecto en los cursos de formación docente. La escala desarrollada puede ser una herramienta válida y confiable para explorar la competencia de evaluación en el aula de los profesores de idiomas.
References
American Federation of Teachers, National Council on Measurement in Education, & National Education Association. (1990). Standards for teacher competence in educational assessment of students (ED323186). ERIC. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED323186.pdf
Berry, V., Sheehan, S., & Munro, S. (2019). What does language assessment literacy mean to teachers? ELT Journal, 73(2), 113–123. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccy055
Brookhart, S. M. (2011). Educational assessment knowledge and skills for teachers. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 30(1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3992.2010.00195.x
Campbell, C. (2013). Research on teacher competency in classroom assessment. In J. H. McMillan (Ed.), Sage handbook of research on classroom assessment (pp. 71–84). Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452218649.n5
Coombs, A., DeLuca, C., & MacGregor, S. (2020). A person-centered analysis of teacher candidates’ approaches to assessment. Teaching and Teacher Education, 87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.102952
Crusan, D., Plakans, L., & Gebril, A. (2016). Writing assessment literacy: Surveying second language teachers’ knowledge, beliefs, and practices. Assessing Writing, 28, 43–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2016.03.001
DeLuca, C., & Bellara, A. (2013). The current state of assessment education: Aligning policy, standards, and teacher education curriculum. Journal of Teacher Education, 64(4), 356–372. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487113488144
DeLuca, C., Chavez, T., Bellara, A., & Cao, C. (2013). Pedagogies for preservice assessment education: Supporting teacher candidates’ assessment literacy development. The Teacher Educator, 48(2), 128–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/08878730.2012.760024
DeLuca, C., Coombs, A., MacGregor, S., & Rasooli, A. (2019). Toward a differential and situated view of assessment literacy: Studying teachers’ responses to classroom assessment scenarios. Frontiers in Education. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2019.00094
DeLuca, C., & Klinger, D. A. (2010). Assessment literacy development: Identifying gaps in teacher candidates’ learning. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 17(4), 419–438. https://doi.org/10.1080/0969594x.2010.516643
DeLuca, C., Valiquette, A., Coombs, A., LaPointe-McEwan, D., & Luhanga, U. (2018). Teachers’ approaches to classroom assessment: A large-scale survey. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 25(4), 355–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/0969594x.2016.1244514
Dörnyei, Z. (2003). Questionnaires in second language research: Construction, administration, and processing (1st ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4th ed.). Sage.
Firoozi, T., Razavipour, K., & Ahmadi, A. (2019). The language assessment literacy needs of Iranian EFL teachers with a focus on reformed assessment policies. Language Testing in Asia, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40468-019-0078-7
Fives, H., & Barnes, N. (2020). Navigating the complex cognitive task of classroom assessment. Teaching and Teacher Education, 92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103063
Fulcher, G. (2012). Assessment literacy for the language classroom. Language Assessment Quarterly, 9(2), 113–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2011.642041
Fulmer, G. W., Lee, I. C. H., & Tan, K. H. K. (2015). Multi-level model of contextual factors and teachers’ assessment practices: An integrative review of research. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 22(4), 475–494. https://doi.org/10.1080/0969594x.2015.1017445
Inbar-Lourie, O. (2008). Constructing a language assessment knowledge base: A focus on language assessment courses. Language Testing, 25(3), 385–402. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265532208090158
Inbar-Lourie, O. (2013). Guest Editorial to the special issue on language assessment literacy. Language Testing, 30(3), 301–307. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265532213480126
Inbar-Lourie, O. (2017). Language assessment literacy. In E. Shohamy, L. G. Or, & S. May (Eds.), Language testing and assessment: Encyclopedia of language and education (3rd ed., pp. 257–270). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02261-1_19
Johnson, K. E. (2009). Second language teacher education: A sociocultural perspective. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203878033
Lam, R. (2019). Teacher assessment literacy: Surveying knowledge, conceptions and practices of classroom-based writing assessment in Hong Kong. System, 81, 78–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2019.01.006
Lan, C., & Fan, S. (2019). Developing classroom-based language assessment literacy for in-service EFL teachers: The gaps. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 61, 112–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2019.03.003
Lee, I. (2017). Classroom writing assessment and feedback in L2 school contexts. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3924-9
Lee, J., & Butler, Y. G. (2020). Reconceptualizing language assessment literacy: Where are language learners? TESOL Quarterly, 54(4), 1098–1111. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.576
Levi, T., & Inbar-Lourie, O. (2019). Assessment literacy or language assessment literacy: Learning from the teachers. Language Assessment Quarterly, 17(2), 168–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2019.1692347
Loughran, J. J. (2006). Developing a pedagogy of teacher education: Understanding teaching and learning about teaching. Routledge.
Mertler, C. A., & Campbell, C. (2005). Measuring teachers’ knowledge & application of classroom assessment concepts: Development of the assessment literacy inventory (ED490355). ERIC. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED490355.pdf
Ölmezer-Öztürk, E., & Aydin, B. (2018). Toward measuring language teachers’ assessment knowledge: Development and validation of Language Assessment Knowledge Scale (LAKS). Language Testing in Asia, 8(20). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40468-018-0075-2
Pallant, J. (2016). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Pill, J., & Harding, L. (2013). Defining the language assessment literacy gap: Evidence from a parliamentary inquiry. Language Testing, 30(3), 381–402. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265532213480337
Plake, B. S., Impara, J. C., & Fager, J. J. (1993). Assessment competencies of teachers: A national survey. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 12(4), 10–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3992.1993.tb00548.x
Popham, W. J. (2009). Assessment literacy for teachers: Faddish or fundamental? Theory Into Practice, 48(1), 4–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405840802577536
Popham, W. J. (2011). Assessment literacy overlooked: A teacher educator’s confession. The Teacher Educator, 46(4), 265–273. https://doi.org/10.1080/08878730.2011.605048
Sadeghi, K., & Richards, J. C. (2015). Teaching spoken English in Iran’s private language schools: Issues and options. English Teaching: Practice & Critique, 14(2), 210–234. https://doi.org/10.1108/etpc-03-2015-0019
Shepard, L. A. (2013). Foreword. In J. H. McMillan (Ed.), Sage handbook of research on classroom assessment (pp. xix–xxii). Sage Publications.
Stiggins, R. J. (1995). Assessment literacy for the 21st century. Phi Delta Kappan, 77(3), 238–245.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson Education.
Tajeddin, Z., Alemi, M., & Yasaei, H. (2018). Classroom assessment literacy for speaking: Exploring novice and experienced English language teachers’ knowledge and practice. Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research, 6(3), 57–77.
Taylor, L. (2013). Communicating the theory, practice and principles of language testing to test stakeholders: Some reflections. Language Testing, 30(3), 403–412. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265532213480338
Tsagari, D., & Vogt, K. (2017). Assessment literacy of foreign language teachers around Europe: Research, challenges and future prospects. Papers in Language Testing and Assessment, 6(1), 41–63.
Vogt, K., & Tsagari, D. (2014). Assessment literacy of foreign language teachers: Findings of a European study. Language Assessment Quarterly, 11(4), 374–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2014.960046
Xu, H. (2017). Exploring novice EFL teachers’ classroom assessment literacy development: A three-year longitudinal study. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 26, 219–226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-017-0342-5
Xu, Y., & Brown, G. T. L. (2016). Teacher assessment literacy in practice: A reconceptualization. Teaching and Teacher Education, 58, 149–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.05.010
Xu, Y., & Brown, G. T. L. (2017). University English teacher assessment literacy: A survey-test report from China. Papers in Language Testing and Assessment, 6(1), 133–158.
Zhang, Z., & Burry-Stock, J. A. (1994). Assessment practices inventory. The University of Alabama.
How to Cite
APA
ACM
ACS
ABNT
Chicago
Harvard
IEEE
MLA
Turabian
Vancouver
Download Citation
CrossRef Cited-by
1. Xiaoli Su, Hongbiao Yin, Icy Lee. (2024). Let a hundred flowers bloom: Towards a coexistence of paradigms in language assessment literacy. Linguistics and Education, 84, p.101346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2024.101346.
Dimensions
PlumX
Article abstract page views
Downloads
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Zia Tajeddin, Zari Saeedi, Vahid Panahzadeh

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
You are authorized to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format as long as you give appropriate credit to the authors of the articles and to Profile: Issues in Teachers' Professional Development as original source of publication. The use of the material for commercial purposes is not allowed. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
Authors retain the intellectual property of their manuscripts with the following restriction: first publication is granted to Profile: Issues in Teachers' Professional Development.






























