Self-Efficacy of English Language Teachers With Low and High Curriculum Literacy in Indonesian Schools
La autoeficacia de docentes de inglés con niveles de conocimiento curricular altos y bajos en escuelas de Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/profile.v24n2.96187Keywords:
curriculum implementation, curriculum literacy, self-efficacy, English language teachers (en)autoeficacia, conocimiento curricular, docentes de inglés, implementación curricular (es)
This study explores the difference in self-efficacy between high school English language teachers with two levels of curriculum literacy. The data were collected using a curriculum literacy test and a self-efficacy scale that were delivered online to 251 English teachers in Indonesia. The respondents were split into two groups based on their curriculum literacy scores. The findings show that teachers with higher curriculum literacy levels were more self-efficacious than those with a lower level of curriculum literacy. This implies that curriculum related courses in preservice teacher programs need to be improved, and in-service teacher training should focus on curriculum knowledge.
Este estudio explora las diferencias de autoeficacia entre docentes de inglés con dos niveles de conocimiento curricular. Los datos se recolectaron a partir de una prueba de conocimiento curricular y una escala de autoeficacia que fueron distribuidas en línea a 251 docentes de inglés de secundaria en Indonesia. Los participantes se dividieron en dos grupos de acuerdo con sus puntajes de conocimiento curricular. Se encontró que los docentes con mayores niveles de conocimiento curricular son asimismo los más eficaces. Esto implica que se deben mejorar los cursos sobre el currículo en los programas de preparación inicial docente, así como dar mayor énfasis al conocimiento curricular durante la formación continua de docentes en ejercicio.
References
Albakri, I. S. M. A., Ismail, N., Hartono, R., Tahir, M. H. M., Abdullah, M. S. H. B., Sarudin, A., & Zulkepli, N. (2021). Mentoring practise during practicum: The perspectives of Malaysian pre-service English language teachers. Studies in English Language and Education, 8(2), 642–655. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v8i2.19282
Ali, S. K., & Baig, L. A. (2012). Problems and issues in implementing innovative curriculum in the developing countries: The Pakistani experience. BMC Medical Education, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-12-31
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W. H. Freeman and Company.
Barni, D., Danioni, F., & Benevene, P. (2019). Teachers’ self-efficacy: The role of personal values and motivations for teaching. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01645
Bektas, İ., Kudubeş, A. A., Ayar, D., & Bektas, M. (2021). Predicting the healthy lifestyle behaviors of Turkish adolescents based on their health literacy and self-efficacy levels. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2021.01.016
Berg, D. A. G., & Smith, L. F. (2016). Preservice teacher self-efficacy beliefs: An opportunity to generate “good research” in the Asia-Pacific region. In S. Garvis & D. Pendergast (Eds.), Asia-Pacific perspectives on teacher self-efficacy (pp. 1–17). Sense Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-521-0_1
Bong, M. (1997). Generality of academic self-efficacy judgments: Evidence of hierarchical relations. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89(4), 696–709. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.89.4.696
Boroumand, M., Mardani, M., & Khakzad-Esfahlan, F. (2021). The influence of explicit teaching and utilization of concept-mapping on EFL students’ listening and self-efficacy. Language Teaching Research Quarterly, 21, 16–34. https://doi.org/10.32038/ltrq.2021.21.02
Burić, I., & Kim, L. E. (2020). Teacher self-efficacy, instructional quality, and student motivational beliefs: An analysis using multilevel structural equation modeling. Learning and Instruction, 66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2019.101302
Çapa, Y. (2005). Factors influencing first-year teachers’ sense of efficacy [Doctoral dissertation]. The Ohio State University.
Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Borgogni, L., & Steca, P. (2003). Efficacy beliefs as determinants of teachers’ job satisfaction. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(4), 821–832. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.95.4.821
Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Steca, P., & Malone, P. S. (2006). Teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs as determinants of job satisfaction and students’ academic achievement: A study at the school level. Journal of School Psychology, 44(6), 473–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2006.09.001
Carrera, L. I., Tellez, T. E., & D’Ottavio, A. E. (2003). Implementing a problem-based learning curriculum in an Argentinean medical school: Implications for developing countries. Academic Medicine, 78(8), 798–801. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200308000-00010
Chen, G., Gully, S. M., & Eden, D. (2001). Validation of a new general self-efficacy scale. Organizational Research Methods, 4(1), 62–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/109442810141004
Clift, R. T., & Brady, P. (2009). Research on methods courses and field experiences. In M. Cochran-Smith & K. M. Zeichner (Eds.), Studying teacher education: The report of the AERA Panel on Research and Teacher Education (pp. 309–424). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Eslami, Z. R., & Fatahi, A. (2008). Teachers’ sense of self-efficacy, English proficiency, and instructional strategies: A study of nonnative EFL teachers in Iran. TESL-EJ, 11(4), 1–19.
Fan, X., & Konold, T. R. (2010). Statistical significance versus effect size. In P. Peterson, E. Baker, & B. McGaw (Eds.), International encyclopedia of education (3rd ed., pp. 444–450). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-044894-7.01368-3
Fathi, J., Greenier, V., & Derakhshan, A. (2021). Self-efficacy, reflection, and burnout among Iranian EFL teachers: The mediating role of emotion regulation. Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research, 9(2), 13–37.
Flammer, A. (2001). Self-efficacy. In N. J. Smelser & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences (pp. 13812–13815). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/01726-5
Gani, S. A., & Mahjaty, R. (2017). English teachers’ knowledge for implementing the 2013 curriculum. English Education Journal, 8(2), 199–212.
Gess-Newsome, J., & Lederman, N. G. (2002). Examining pedagogical content knowledge. Kluwer Academic Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47217-1
Ghasemboland, F., & Hashim, F. B. (2013). Teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs and their English language proficiency: A study of nonnative EFL teachers in selected language centers. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 103, 890–899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.411
Grossman, P. L. (1990). The making of a teacher: Teacher knowledge and teacher education. Teachers College Press.
Gurvitch, R., & Metzler, M. W. (2009). The effects of laboratory-based and field-based practicum experience on pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy. Teaching and Teacher Education, 25(3), 437–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2008.08.006
Hashweh, M. Z. (2005). Teacher pedagogical constructions: A reconfiguration of pedagogical content knowledge. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 11(3), 273–292. https://doi.org/10.1080/13450600500105502
Hoang, T., & Wyatt, M. (2021). Exploring the self-efficacy beliefs of Vietnamese pre-service teachers of English as a foreign language. System, 96, 102422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2020.102422
Kong, L.-N., Yang, L., Pan, Y.-N., & Chen, S.-Z. (2021). Proactive personality, professional self-efficacy and academic burnout in undergraduate nursing students in China. Journal of Professional Nursing, 37(4), 690–695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2021.04.003
Kyriacou, C. (2015). Teacher stress and burnout: Methodological perspectives. In J. D. Wright (Ed.), International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences (2nd ed., pp. 72–74). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.92087-7
Lauermann, F., & König, J. (2016). Teachers’ professional competence and wellbeing: Understanding the links between general pedagogical knowledge, self-efficacy and burnout. Learning and Instruction, 45, 9–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2016.06.006
Lee, Y. J., & Davis, R. (2020). The effect of a short-term professional development on K–12 Korean English teachers’ self-efficacy to implement communicative language teaching: A mixed-methods study. MEXTESOL Journal, 44(1), 1–10.
Lund, J., & Tannehill, D. (2014). Introduction to standard-based curriculum development. In J. Lund & D. Tannehill (Eds.), Standards-based physical education curriculum development (3rd ed., pp. 216–227). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Mahler, D., Großschedl, J., & Harms, U. (2017). Opportunities to learn for teachers’ self-efficacy and enthusiasm. Education Research International, 2017, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4698371
Malmberg, L.-E., & Hagger, H. (2009). Changes in student teachers’ agency beliefs during a teacher education year, and relationships with observed classroom quality, and day-to-day experiences. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 79(4), 677–694. https://doi.org/10.1348/000709909X454814
Mandukwini, N. (2016). Challenges towards curriculum implementation in high schools in Mount Fletcher District, Eastern Cape [Master’s thesis]. University of South Africa.
Nel, P., & Boshoff, A. (2016). Evaluating the factor structure of the General Self-Efficacy Scale. South African Journal of Psychology, 46(1), 37–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/0081246315593070
Noorollahi, N. (2021). On the relationship between Iranian English language teaching students’ self-efficacy, self-esteem, and their academic achievement. Language Teaching Research Quarterly, 21, 84–96. https://doi.org/10.32038/ltrq.2021.21.06
Oliveira-Fernandez, A. P., Ramos, M. F. H., Silva, S. S. C., Nina, K. C. F., & Pontes, F. A. R. (2016). Overview of research on teacher self-efficacy in social cognitive perspective. Anales de Psicología, 32(3), 793–802. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.32.3.220171
Oppermann, E., & Lazarides, R. (2021). Elementary school teachers’ self-efficacy, student-perceived support and students’ mathematics interest. Teaching and Teacher Education, 103, 103351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103351
Osamwonyi, E. F. (2016). In-service education of teachers: Overview, problems and the way forward. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(26), 83–87.
Perera, H. N., & John, J. E. (2020). Teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs for teaching math: Relations with teacher and student outcomes. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101842
Privitera, G. J. (2018). Statistics for the behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
Riggs, I. M., & Enochs, L. G. (1990). Toward the development of an elementary teacher’s science teaching efficacy belief instrument. Science Education, 74(6), 625–637. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.3730740605
Sabokrouh, F. (2013). The effect of EFL teachers’ attitude toward English language and English language proficiency on their sense of efficacy. English Language Teaching, 7(1), 66–74. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v7n1p66
Schipper, T., Goei, S. L., de Vries, S., & van Veen, K. (2018). Developing teachers’ self-efficacy and adaptive teaching behaviour through lesson study. International Journal of Educational Research, 88, 109–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2018.01.011
Schmitz, G. (1998). Entwicklung der Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen von Lehrern [Development of teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs]. Unterrichtswissenschaft, 26(2), 140–157.
Schwarzer, R., & Hallum, S. (2008). Perceived teacher self-efficacy as a predictor of job stress and burnout: Mediation analyses. Applied Psychology, 57(s1), 152–171. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00359.x
Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalised self-efficacy scale. In M. Johnston, S. C. Wright, & J. Weinman (Eds.), Measures in health psychology: A user’s portfolio (pp. 35–37). GL Assessment Limited. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/t00393-000
Schwarzer, R., Mueller, J., & Greenglass, E. (1999). Assessment of perceived general self-efficacy on the internet: Data collection in cyberspace. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 12(2), 145–161. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615809908248327
Shazadi, T., Khatoon, S., Aziz, S., & Hassan, H. (2011). Strength for today and bright hope for tomorrow. Language in India, 11, 385–395.
Shulman, L. S. (1986a). Paradigms and research programs in the study of teaching: A contemporary perspective. In M. C. Wittrock (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching (3rd ed., pp. 3–36). Macmillan.
Shulman, L. S. (1986b). Those who understand: Knowledge growth in teaching. Educational Researcher, 15(2), 4–14. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X015002004
Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2007). Dimensions of teacher self-efficacy and relations with strain factors, perceived collective teacher efficacy, and teacher burnout. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99(3), 611–625. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.99.3.611
Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2010). Teacher self-efficacy and teacher burnout: A study of relations. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26(4), 1059–1069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2009.11.001
Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2014). Teacher self-efficacy and perceived autonomy: Relations with teacher engagement, job satisfaction, and emotional exhaustion. Psychological Reports, 114(1), 68–77. https://doi.org/10.2466/14.02.PR0.114k14w0
Steiner, D., Magee, J., Jensen, B., & Button, J. (2018). Curriculum literacy in schools of education? The hole at the center of American teacher preparation. John Hopkins Institute for Education Policy; Learning First.
Su, S.-W. (2012). The various concepts of curriculum and the factors involved in curricula-making. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 3(1), 153–158. https://doi.org/10.4304/jltr.3.1.153-158
Sural, S., & Dedebali, N. C. (2018). A study of curriculum literacy and information literacy levels of teacher candidates in Department of Social Sciences Education. European Journal of Educational Research, 7(2), 303–315. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.7.2.303
Syamdianita, & Cahyono, B. Y. (2021). The EFL pre-service teachers’ experiences and challenges in designing teaching materials using TPACK framework. Studies in English Language and Education, 8(2), 561–577. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v8i2.19202
Tomczak, M., & Tomczak, E. (2014). The need to report effect size estimates revisited: An overview of some recommended measures of effect size. Trends in Sport Sciences, 1(21), 19–25.
Tschannen-Moran, M., & Hoy, A. W. (2001). Teacher efficacy: Capturing an elusive construct. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17(7), 783–805. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(01)00036-1
van der Bijl, J. J., & Shortridge-Baggett, L. M. (2001). The theory and measurement of the self-efficacy construct. Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing Practice, 15(3), 189–207.
Van Gasse, R., Vanlommel, K., Vanhoof, J., & Van Petegem, P. (2020). Teacher interactions in taking action upon pupil learning outcome data: A matter of attitude and self-efficacy? Teaching and Teacher Education, 89, 102989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.102989
Wang, S. D., Loftus, P., Pang, R. D., & Kirkpatrick, M. G. (2021). Impact of self-efficacy on daily intention to not smoke. Addictive Behaviors, 118, 106877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106877
Wolters, C. A., & Daugherty, S. G. (2007). Goal structures and teachers’ sense of efficacy: Their relation and association to teaching experience and academic level. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99(1), 181–193. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.99.1.181
Woodcock, S., Hitches, E., & Jones, G. (2019). It’s not you, it’s me: Teachers’ self-efficacy and attributional beliefs towards students with specific learning difficulties. International Journal of Educational Research, 97, 107–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2019.07.007
Yilmaz, C. (2011). Teachers’ perceptions of self-efficacy, English proficiency, and instructional strategies. Social Behavior and Personality, 39(1), 91–100. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2011.39.1.91
Zee, M., & Koomen, H. M. Y. (2016). Teacher self-efficacy and its effects on classroom processes, student academic adjustment, and teacher well-being. Review of Educational Research, 86(4), 981–1015. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654315626801
Zonoubi, R., Eslami-Rasekh, A., & Tavakoli, M. (2017). EFL teacher self-efficacy development in professional learning communities. System, 66, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2017.03.003
How to Cite
APA
ACM
ACS
ABNT
Chicago
Harvard
IEEE
MLA
Turabian
Vancouver
Download Citation
CrossRef Cited-by
1. Asnawi Muslem, Usman Kasim, Faisal Mustafa, Siti Sarah Fitriani, Maulidia Rahmi. (2024). The Correlation Between the Use of Online Learning Platforms and Undergraduate Students’ Self-Efficacy. Journal of Language and Education, 10(1), p.83. https://doi.org/10.17323/jle.2024.17606.
2. Merve Coşgun Demirdağ, Adnan Taşgın. (2024). OKUL ÖNCESİ ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN PROGRAM OKURYAZARLIĞI VE ÖĞRETİM PROGRAMI FARKINDALIKLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ. International Journal Of Turkish Literature Culture Education, https://doi.org/10.7884/teke.1508003.
3. Asuman Seda Saracaloğlu, İpek Gündüz Çetin. (2023). Öğretmenlerin Eğitim Programı Okuryazarlığı ve Mesleki Öz-Yeterlik Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Amasya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(1), p.61. https://doi.org/10.17539/amauefd.1243057.
4. Yelda Yüceer-Öztürk, Gülçin Tan-Şişman. (2025). Pre-service English teachers’ readiness for the English language curriculum: How competent are they?. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 10(1) https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-025-00368-3.
5. María del Socorro Rodríguez Guardado, Catalina Juárez Díaz. (2024). Perspectivas sobre autoeficacia y procrastinación académica desde diferentes estilos de aprendizaje en estudiantes de bachillerato. Papeles, 17(33) https://doi.org/10.54104/papeles.v16n32.1919.
6. Hatice Gülçin Seven, Recep Kahramanoglu. (2024). Sistem Düşüncesi Yaklaşımıyla Öğretmenlerin Öğretim Programı Okuryazarlıkları Çerçevesi. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(3), p.1389. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.1490164.
7. Fatih Ozturk, Muhammed Akıncı, Adem Beldağ. (2025). Program Okuryazarlığı Perspektifinden Türkiye Yüzyılı Maarif Modeli: Farklı Öğretim Kademelerinden Öğretmen Değerlendirmeleri. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 54(1), p.341. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.1706873.
Dimensions
PlumX
Article abstract page views
Downloads
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Burhanuddin Yasin, Usman Kasim, Endang Komariah, Saiful Marhaban, Faisal Mustafa

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
You are authorized to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format as long as you give appropriate credit to the authors of the articles and to Profile: Issues in Teachers' Professional Development as original source of publication. The use of the material for commercial purposes is not allowed. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
Authors retain the intellectual property of their manuscripts with the following restriction: first publication is granted to Profile: Issues in Teachers' Professional Development.






























