Correo Electrónico
DNINFOA - SIA
Bibliotecas
Convocatorias
Identidad U.N.
Publicado
Análise do ambiente térmico urbano e áreas potencialmente expostas ao calor extremo no município do Porto (Portugal)
Analysis of the Urban Thermal Environment and Exposition to Extreme Heat in the Municipality of Porto (Portugal)
Análisis del ambiente térmico urbano y áreas potencialmente expuestas al calor extremo en el municipio de Oporto (Portugal)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rcdg.v31n2.91309Palabras clave:
clima urbano, detecção remota, ilha de calor urbano, índices espectrais, temperatura da superfície (pt)urban climate, spectral indices, urban heat island, remote sensing (en)
clima urbano, índices espectrales, isla de calor urbano, teledetección, temperatura de la superficie (es)
A ilha de calor urbano superficial é uma das principais causas para a diminuição do conforto bioclimático em áreas onde os padrões superficiais são heterogéneos, sobretudo no verão. O município do Porto apresenta caraterísticas de uso do solo e materiais de cobertura cujas propriedades térmicas e radiativas são profundamente dissemelhantes. Neste sentido, o presente estudo procura examinar a influência da cobertura do solo sobre a temperatura de superfície, recorrendo às imagens de satélite. As temperaturas de superfície foram extraídas da imagem Landsat 8-oli, e vários índices espectrais foram derivados para identificar o potencial de arrefecimento evaporativo. Os principais resultados mostram que as “ilhas de calor urbano superficial” se localizam maioritariamente no núcleo central da cidade do Porto e das principais vias de comunicação, onde os efeitos da densificação urbana e das propriedades materiais de cobertura utilizados impedem a evapotranspiração, favorecem o aumento da absorção radiativa e, consecutivamente, o aumento significativo de temperatura de superfície.
The surface urban heat island is one of the main causes for the decrease in bioclimatic comfort in areas with heterogeneous surface patterns, especially in the summer. The municipality of Porto has characteristics of land use and roofing materials provide thermal and radiative properties that are widely disseminated. The present study seeks to influence the coverage of land cover over land surface temperature using satellite images. As land surface temperature were extracted from the Landsat 8-oli image, several spectral indices have been derived to identify the potential for evaporative cooling. Main results show that the “superficial urban heat island” are located mainly in the central core of the city of Porto and the main communication routes, where the effects of urban densification and the material covering properties used prevent evapotranspiration, favor the increase radiation absorption and, consecutively, a significant increase in land surface temperature.
La isla de calor urbano superficial es una de las principales causas de la disminución del confort bioclimático en áreas donde los patrones de superficie son heterogéneos, en especial en el verano. El municipio de Oporto tiene características de uso del suelo y materiales de cubierta cuyas propiedades térmicas y radiativas son profundamente diferentes. En este sentido, el presente estudio busca examinar la influencia de la cobertura terrestre en la temperatura superficial utilizando imágenes de satélite. Las temperaturas superficiales se extrajeron de la imagen Landsat 8-oli y se han derivado varios índices espectrales para identificar el potencial de enfriamiento por evaporación. Los principales resultados muestran que las “islas de calor urbano superficiales” se ubican mayoritariamente en el núcleo central de Oporto y las principales vías de comunicación, donde los efectos de la densificación urbana y las propiedades de recubrimiento del material utilizado impiden la evapotranspiración.
Referencias
Abdulateef, Maryam, e Al-Alwan Hoda. 2022. “The Effectiveness of Urban Green Infrastructure in Reducing Surface Urban Heat Island.” Ain Shams Engineering Journal 13 (1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2021.06.012
Alcoforado, Maria-João, Henrique Andrade, António Lopes, e João Vasconcelos. 2009. “Application of Climatic Guidelines to Urban Planning: The Example of Lisbon (Portugal).” Landscape and Urban Planning 90 (1): 56-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.10.006
Alcoforado, Maria-João, António Saraiva Lopes, Henrique Andrade, e João Vasconcelos. 2005. “Orientações climáticas para o ordenamento em Lisboa.” Em Relatório nº 4 da Área de Geo-Ecologia, editado por Maria-João Alcoforado, António Saraiva Lopes, Henrique Andrade e João Vasconcelos, 1-83. Lisboa: CEG.
Alves, Elis Dener Lima. 2016. “Seasonal and Spatial Variation of Surface Urban Heat Island Intensity in a Small Urban Agglomerate in Brazil.” Climate 4 (4): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli4040061
Amorim, Margarete Cristiane de Costa Trindade, e Ana Monteiro. 2011. “As temperaturas intraurbanas: exemplos do Brasil e de Portugal.” Confins. Revue franco-brésilienne de géographie/Revista franco-brasilera de geografia no. 13. https://doi.org/10.4000/confins.7284
Andrade, Henrique. 2005. “O clima urbano - natureza, escalas de análise e aplicabilidade.” Finisterra: Revista portuguesa de geografia 40 (80): 67-91. https://doi.org/10.18055/Finis1479
Andrade, Henrique, e Rute Vieira. 2007. “A Climatic Study of an Urban Green Space: The Gulbenkian Park in Lisbon (Portugal).” Finisterra: Revista portuguesa de geografia 42 (84): 27-46. https://doi.org/10.18055/Finis1420
Berger, C., J. Rosentreter, M. Voltersen, C. Baumgart, C. Schmullius, e S. Hese. 2017. “Spatio-Temporal Analysis of the Relationship Between 2D/3D Urban Site Characteristics and Land Surface Temperature.” Remote Sensing of Environment 193: 225-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.02.020
Bowler, Diana, Lisette Buyung-Ali, Teri Knight, e Andrew Pullin. 2010. “Urban Greening to Cool Towns and Cities: A Systematic Review of the Empirical Evidence.” Landscape and Urban Planning 97 (3): 147-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.05.006
Cardoso, Renata dos Santo. 2012. “O campo e a cidade em Presidente Prudente: uma contribuição aos estudos de clima urbano.” Tese de Geografia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente.
Chen, Xiao-Ling, Hong-Mei Zhao, Ping-Xiang Li, e Zhi-Yong Yin. 2006. “Remote Sensing Image-Based Analysis of the Relationship Between Urban Heat Island and Land Use/Cover Changes.” Remote sensing of environment 104 (2): 133-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2005.11.016
Coelho, André Luiz, e Wesley de Souza Campos Correa. 2013. “Temperatura de superfície celsius do sensor TIRS/Landsat-8: metodologia e aplicações.” Revista Geográfica Acadêmica 7 (1): 31-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18227/1678-7226rga.v7i1.2996
Deilami, Kaveh, M. D. Kamruzzaman, e Yan Liu. 2018. “Urban Heat Island Effect: A Systematic Review of Spatio-Temporal Factors, Data, Methods, and Mitigation Measures.” International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 67: 30-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2017.12.009
Deng, Chengbin, e Changshan Wu. 2013. “Examining the Impacts of Urban Biophysical Compositions on Surface Urban Heat Island: A Spectral Unmixing and Thermal Mixing Approach.” Remote Sensing of Environment 131: 262-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.12.020
Deng, Yuanhong, Shijie Wang, Xiaoyong Bai, Yichao Tian, Luhua Wu, Jianyong Xiao, Fei Chen, e Qinghuan Qian. 2018. “Relationship Among Land Surface Temperature and LUCC, NDVI in Typical Karst Area.” Scientific reports 8 (1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-19088-x
Effat, Hala Adel, e Ossman Abdel Kader Hassan. 2014. “Change Detection of Urban Heat Islands and Some Related Parameters Using Multi-Temporal Landsat Images; A Case Study for Cairo City, Egypt.” Urban Climate 10: 171-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2014.10.011
Eum, Jeong-Hee, Dieter Scherer, Ute Fehrenbach, e Jung-Hun Woo. 2011. “Development of an Urban Landcover Classification Scheme Suitable for Representing Climatic Conditions in a Densely Built-up Asian Megacity.” Landscape and Urban Planning 103 (3-4): 362-371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.08.010
Fernandes, José Alberto. 2020. Geografia do Porto. Porto: Book Cover Editora.
Ferreira, Cássia, Ana Monteiro, e Helena Madureira. 2019. “Percepção de risco climático: uma análise para a cidade do Porto-Portugal e Juiz de Fora-Brasil.” Revista de Geografia-PPGEO-UFJF 9 (1): 126-155. https://doi.org/10.34019/2236-837X.2019.v9.18088
Forman, Richard. 2014. Urban Ecology: Science of Cities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139030472
Friedl, M. A., D. K. McIver, J. C. F. Hodges, X. Y. Zhang D. Muchoney, A. H. Strahler, C. E. Woodcock, S. Gopal, A. Schneider, A. Cooper, A. Baccini, F. Gao, e C. Schaaf. 2002. “Global Land Cover Mapping from MODIS: Algorithms and Early Results.” Remote Sensing of Environment 83 (1-2): 287-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00078-0
Ghobadi, Parisa, e Nazanin Nasrollahi. 2021. “Assessment of Pollutant Dispersion in Deep Street Canyons Under Different Source Positions: Numerical Simulation.” Urban Climate 40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2021.101027
Giles-Corti, Billie, Melanie Lowe, e Jonathan Arundel. 2020. “Achieving the SDGs: Evaluating Indicators to be Used to Benchmark and Monitor Progress Towards Creating Healthy and Sustainable Cities.” Health Policy 124 (6): 581-590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2019.03.001
Gomes, António, José Teixeira, e Isabel Fernandes. 2020. “Geomorfologia.” Em Geografia do Porto, editado por J. Rio Fernandes (Ed.). Porto: Book Cover.
Guha, Subhanil, e Himanshu Govil. 2021. “An Assessment on the Relationship Between Land Surface Temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index.” Environment, Development and Sustainability 23: 1944-1963. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00657-6
Hua, Lizhong, Xinxin Zhang, Xi Chen, Kai Yin, e Lina Tang. 2017. “A Feature-Based Approach of Decision Tree Classification to Map Time Series Urban Land Use and Land Cover with Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI in a Coastal City, China.” ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 6 (11): 331. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6110331
Huete, A. R. 1988. “A Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI).” Remote Sensing of Environment 25 (3): 295-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(88)90106-X
INE (Instituto Nacional de Estatística). 2021. “População residente (n°) por local de residência (NUTS-2013), sexo e grupo Etário.” Recuperado em 11 de fevereiro de 2022. https://ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&contecto=pi&indOcorrCod=0011166&selTab=tab0
Jamali, Ali Akbar, Reza Ghorbani Kalkhajeh, Timothy O. Randhir, e Songtang He. 2022. “Modeling Relationship Between Land Surface Temperature Anomaly and Environmental Factors Using GEE and Giovanni.” Journal of Environmental Management 302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113970
Kuttler, Wilhelm. 2008. “The Urban Climate-Basic and Applied Aspects.” Em Urban ecology, editado por John M. Marzluff, Eric Shulenberger, Wilfried Endlicher, Marina Alberti, Gordon Bradley, Clare Ryan, Ute Simon, e Craig ZumBrunnen 233-248. Nova York: Springer.
Lambin, E. F., e D. Ehrlich. 1996. “The Surface Temperature-Vegetation Index Space for Land Cover and Land-Cover Change Analysis.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 17 (3): 463-487. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169608949021
Lemus-Canovas, Marc, Javier Martin-Vide, Carmen Moreno-Garcia, e Joan López-Bustins. 2020. “Estimating Barcelona’s Metropolitan Daytime Hot and Cold Poles Using Landsat-8 Land Surface Temperature.” Science of the Total Environment 699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134307
Li, Juan-juan, Xiang-rong Wang, Xin-jun Wang, Wei-chun Ma, e Hao Zhang. 2009. “Remote Sensing Evaluation of Urban Heat Island and Its Spatial Pattern of the Shanghai Metropolitan Area, China.” Ecological Complexit 6 (4): 413-420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2009.02.002
Li, Junxiang, Conghe Song, Lu Cao, Feige Zhu, Xianlei Meng, e Jianguo Wu. 2011. “Impacts of Landscape Structure on Surface Urban Heat Islands: A Case Study of Shanghai, China.” Remote Sensing of Environment 115 (12): 3249-3263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.07.008
Li, Xiaoma, Yuyu Zhou, Ghassem R. Asrar, Marc Imhoff, e Xuecao Li. 2017. “The Surface Urban Heat Island Response to Urban Expansion: A Panel Analysis for the Conterminous United States.” Science of the Total Environment 605-606: 426-435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.229
Lopes, António. 2009. “O sobreaquecimento das cidades. Causas e medidas para a mitigação da ilha de calor de Lisboa.” Territorium 15: 39-52. https://doi.org/10.14195/1647-7723_15_4
Lopes, Hélder. 2022. “A influência do clima e da morfologia urbana na atividade turística da Área Metropolitana do Porto-Perceções e simulação do conforto bioclimático dos turistas.” Tese de doutoramento, Universidade do Minho, Braga.
Lopes, Hélder, Paula C. Remoaldo, Vítor Ribeiro, e Javier Martin-Vide. 2021. “Perceptions of Human Thermal Comfort in an Urban Tourism Destination-A Case Study of Porto (Portugal).” Building and Environment 205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108246
Lopes, Hélder, Paula C. Remoaldo, Vítor Ribeiro, e Javier Martin-Vide. 2022. “Pathways for Adapting Tourism to Climate Change in an Urban Destination – Evidences Based on Thermal Conditions for the Porto Metropolitan Area (Portugal).” Journal of Environmental Management 315: 115161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115161
Martin-Vide, Javier, e M. Carmen Moreno-Garcia. 2020. “Probability Values for the Intensity of Barcelona’s Urban Heat Island (Spain).” Atmospheric Research: 240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.104877
Marzban, Forough, Sahar Sodoudi, e René Preusker. 2018. “The Influence of Land-Cover Type on the Relationship Between NDVI-LST and LST-T air.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 39 (5): 1377-1398. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2017.1402386
Mirzaei, Parham A., e Fariborz Haghighat. 2010. “Approaches to Study Urban Heat Island-Abilities and Limitations.” Building and Environment 45 (10): 2192-2201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.04.001
Madureira, Helena, Ana Monteiro, e Sara Cruz. 2021. “Where to Go or Where Not to Go—A Method for Advising Communities During Extreme Temperatures.” Climate 9 (3), 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli9030049
Monteiro, Ana. 1993. “O clima urbano do Porto: contribuição para a definição das estratégias de planeamento e ordenamento do território.” Tese de doutoramento, Universidade do Porto, Porto.
Monteiro, Ana. 2006. “A climatologia urbana enquanto indicador de sustentabilidade urbana: estudos de caso na Área Metropolitana do Porto.” Em PLURIS, editado por J. Mendes, A. Rodrigues e L. Souza, 1-13. Braga: Escuela de Ingeniería de la Universidad de Minho.
Monteiro, Ana, M. Amorim, e F. L. Matos. 2017. “As temperaturas de superfície no Porto: análise dos contextos bioclimáticos nos bairros sociais.” Em Livro de atas do XI Congreso da Geografia Portuguesa. As dimensões e a responsabilidade social da Geografia, 9-11 de novembro de 2012, editado por T. Marques, J. Fernandes, J. Teixeira, P. Abrantes, F. Matos, e L. Soares, 489-493. Porto: Facultade de Belas Artes da Universidade do Porto.
Monteiro, Ana, L. Fonseca, M. Almeida, C. Sousa, S. Velho, e V. Carvalho. 2012. Atlas da saúde e da doença-vulnerabilidades climáticas e socioeconómicas na Grande Área Metropolitana do Porto e Município do Porto. Porto: CHERG.
Monteiro, Ana, Helena Madureira, Luís Fonseca, e Paula Gonçalves. 2018. METROCLIMA: Plano Metropolitano de Adaptação às Alterações Climáticas - Área Metropolitana do Porto. Porto: Área Metropolitana do Porto.
Monteiro, Ana, e Helena Madureira. 2019. “Riscos atmosféricos mistos.” Em Catástrofes mistas: uma perspetiva ambiental, editado por L. Lourenço e A. Nunes. Coimbra: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra.
Morabito, Marco, Alfonso Crisci, Giulia Guerri, Alessandro Messeri, Luca Congedo, e Michele Munafò. 2021. “Surface Urban Heat Islands in Italian Metropolitan Cities: Tree Cover and Impervious Surface Influences.” Science of the Total Environment 751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142334
Mushore, Terence Darlington, John Odindi, Timothy Dube, e Onisimo Mutanga. 2017. “Prediction of Future Urban Surface Temperatures Using Medium Resolution Satellite Data in Harare Metropolitan City, Zimbabwe.” Building and Environment 122: 397-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.06.033
Ng, Edward. 2009. “Policies and Technical Guidelines for Urban Planning of High-Density Cities-Air Ventilation Assessment (AVA) of Hong Kong.” Building and Environment 44 (7): 1478-1488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.06.013
Odindi, John, Victor M. Bangamwabo, e Onisimo Mutanga. 2015. “Assessing the Value of Urban Green Spaces in Mitigating Multi-Seasonal Urban Heat using MODIS Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Landsat 8 data.” International Journal of Environmental Research 9 (1): 9-18.
Oke, T. R. 1995. “The Heat Island of the Urban Boundary Layer: Characteristics, Causes and Effects.” Em Wind climate in cities, editado por J. Cermark, 81-107. Países Baixos: Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3686-2_5
Oke, T. R., Gerald Mills, Andreas Christen, e James Vogt. 2017. Urban climates. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139016476
Owen, Timothy W., Toby Carlson, e Robert Gillies. 1998. “An Assessment of Satellite Remotely-Sensed Land Cover Parameters in Quantitatively Describing the Climatic Effect of Urbanization.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 19 (9): 1663-1681. https://doi.org/10.1080/014311698215171
Qiao, Zhi, Guangjin Tian, e Lin Xiao. 2013. “Diurnal and Seasonal Impacts of Urbanization on the Urban Thermal Environment: A Case Study of Beijing Using MODIS data.” ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 85: 93-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2013.08.010
Ray, Terril. 1994. “Vegetation in Remote Sensing Faqs, Applications.” ER Mapper, Ltd., Perth, unpaginated CD-ROM.
Sarricolea, Pablo, e Oliver Meseguer-Ruiz. 2019. “Urban Climates of Large Cities: Comparison of the Urban Heat Island Effect in Latin America.” Urban Climates in Latin America, editado por Pablo Sarricolea e Oliver Meseguer-Ruiz, 17-32. Cham: Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97013-4_2
Sekertekin, Aliihsan, Saygin Abdikan, e Aycan Murat Marangoz. 2018. “The Acquisition of Impervious Surface Area from Landsat 8 Satellite Sensor Data Using Urban Indices: A Comparative Analysis.” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 190 (7): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6767-3
Senanayake, I. P., W. D. D. P. Welivitiya, e P. M. Nadeeka. 2013. “Remote Sensing Based Analysis of Urban Heat Islands with Vegetation Cover in Colombo City, Sri Lanka Using Landsat-7 ETM+ Data.” Urban Climate 5: 19-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2013.07.004
Silva, T., F. Fonseca, D. Rodrigues, y A. Campos. 2018. “Assessing the Influence of Urban Geometry on Noise Propagation by Using the Sky View Factor.” Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 61 (3): 535-552. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2017.1319804
Stathakis, Demetris, Konstantinos Perakis, e Igor Savin. 2012. “Efficient Segmentation of Urban Areas by the VIBI.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 33 (20): 6361-6377. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2012.687842
Streutker, D. R. 2002. “A Remote Sensing Study of the Urban Heat Island of Houston, Texas.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 23 (13): 2595-2608. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160110115023
Tiangco, M., A. Lagmay, e J. Argete. 2008. “ASTER Based Study of the Night Time Urban Heat Island Effect in Metro Manila.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 29 (10): 2799-2818. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160701408360
United Nations. 2018. World Urbanization Prospects. The 2017 Revision. Highlights. Nova York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
USGS. 2013. “Using the USGS Landsat 8 Product.” Recuperado o 14 de maio de 2015. http://landsat.usgs.gov/Landsat8_Using_Product.php
Van Hove, L., C. Jacobs, B. Heusinkveld, J. A. Elbers, B. L. Van Driel, e A. Holtslag. 2015. “Temporal and Spatial Variability of Urban Heat Island and Thermal Comfort within the Rotterdam Agglomeration.” Building and Environment 83, 91-103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.08.029
Villa, Paolo. 2007. “Imperviousness Indexes Performance Evaluation for Mapping Urban Areas Using Remote Sensing Data.” Urban Remote Sensing Joint Event IEEE: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/URS.2007.371830
Voogt, J. A., e T. Oke. 2003. “Thermal Remote Sensing of Urban Climates.” Remote Sensing of Environment 86 (3): 370-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00079-8
Weng, Qihao. 2001. “A Remote Sensing? GIS Evaluation of Urban Expansion and its Impact on Surface Temperature in the Zhujiang Delta, China.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 22 (10): 1999-2014. https://doi.org/10.1080/713860788
Weng, Qihao. 2009. “Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing for Urban Climate and Environmental Studies: Methods, Applications, and Trends.” ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 64 (4): 335-344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2009.03.007
Weng, Qihao, e Dale A. Quattrochi. 2006. “Thermal Remote Sensing of Urban Areas: An Introduction to the Special Issue.” Remote Sensing of Environment 104 (2): 119-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.05.002
Weng, Qihao, Dengsheng Lu, e Jacquelyn Schubring. 2004. “Estimation of Land Surface Temperature-Vegetation Abundance Relationship for Urban Heat Island Studies.” Remote Sensing of Environment 89 (4): 467-483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2003.11.005
Xian, George, Hua Shi, Qiang Zhou, Roger Auch, Kevin Gallo, Zhuoting Wu, e Michael Kolian. 2021. “Monitoring and Characterizing Multi-Decadal Variations of Urban Thermal Condition Using Time-Series Thermal Remote Sensing and Dynamic Land Cover Data.” Remote Sensing of Environment 269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112803
Xu, Hanqiu. 2007. “Extraction of Urban Built-Up Land Features from Landsat Imagery Using a Thematicoriented Index Combination Technique.” Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 73(12), 1381-1391. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.73.12.1381
Yang, Jun, Yuxin Yang, Dongqi Sun, Cui Jin, e Xiangming Xiao. 2021. “Influence of Urban Morphological Characteristics on Thermal Environment.” Sustainable Cities and Society 72: 103045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103045
Yuan, Fei, Kali E. Sawaya, Brian C. Loeffelholz, e Marvin E. Bauer. 2005. “Land Cover Classification and Change Analysis of the Twin Cities (Minnesota) Metropolitan Area by Multitemporal Landsat Remote Sensing.” Remote Sensing of Environment 98 (2): 317-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2005.08.006
Yuan, Fei, e Marvin Bauerb. 2007. “Comparison of Impervious Surface Area and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index as Indicators of Surface Urban Heat Island Effects in Landsat Imagery.” Remote Sensing of Environment 106 (3): 375-386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.09.003
Zha, Yong, Jingqing Gao, e S. Ni. 2003. “Use of Normalized Difference Built-Up Index in Automatically Mapping Urban Areas from TM Imagery.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 24 (3): 583-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160304987
Zhao, Caijun, Guobin Fu, Xiaoming Liu, e Fan Fu. 2011. “Urban Planning Indicators, Morphology and Climate Indicators: A Case Study for a North-South Transect of Beijing, China.” Building and Environment 46 (5): 1174-1183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.12.009
Zhao, Lei, Michael Oppenheimer, Qing Zhu, Jane W. Baldwin, Kristie L. Ebi, Elie Bou-Zeid, Kaiyu Guan, e Xu Liu. 2018. “Interactions Between Urban Heat Islands and Heat Waves.” Environmental Research Letters 13 (3): 034003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa9f73
Zhou, Decheng, Liangxia Zhang, Lu Hao, Ge Sun, Yongqiang Liu, e Chao Zhu. 2016. “Spatiotemporal Trends of Urban Heat Island Effect Along the Urban Development Intensity Gradient in China.” Science of the Total Environment 544: 617-626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.168
Zhou, Yi, Guang Yang, Shixin Wang, Litao Wang, Futao Wang, e Xiongfei Liu. 2014. “A New Index for Mapping Built-Up and Bare Land Areas from Landsat-8 OLI Data.” Remote Sensing Letters 5 (10): 862-871. https://doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2014.973996
Cómo citar
APA
ACM
ACS
ABNT
Chicago
Harvard
IEEE
MLA
Turabian
Vancouver
Descargar cita
CrossRef Cited-by
1. Hélder Silva Lopes, Paula C. Remoaldo, Vítor Ribeiro, Javier Martín-Vide. (2022). A comprehensive methodology for assessing outdoor thermal comfort in touristic city of Porto (Portugal). Urban Climate, 45, p.101264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2022.101264.
2. Hélder Silva Lopes, José Pedro Rocha, Vasco Santos, Lígia Torres Silva, Paula Remoaldo, Vítor Ribeiro. (2025). A Geospatial Approach to Urban Project Management and Resilience. International Journal of Information Technology Project Management, 16(1), p.1. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJITPM.373263.
3. Beatriz Gomes Pinto, João Magalhães, Hélder Silva Lopes. (2024). Planetary Health and Climate Change: Understanding the Impacts of Climate Change to the Well-Being of Our Planet. Climate Change Management. , p.283. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-72740-5_13.
4. Ibrahim Hegazy, Ibrahim Bahreldin, Rahif Maddah, Hazem Hammad, Hossam Ibrahim. (2025). Adapting global urban resilience frameworks to the Saudi context: toward climate-responsive policy solutions under Vision 2030. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 20, p.2089. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctaf139.
5. Hélder Lopes, Paula Remoaldo, Vítor Ribeiro, Javier Martín-Vide. (2023). Climate Change and Health Hazards. Climate Change Management. , p.135. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26592-1_8.
6. Diogo Guedes Vidal, Hélder Silva Lopes, Rui Leandro Maia. (2025). Editorial: Exploring the multifaceted relationship between human health and urban nature in times of crises. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 13 https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2025.1562049.
7. Hélder Silva Lopes, Paula Remoaldo, Vítor Ribeiro, Javier Martín-Vide. (2022). The Use of Collaborative Practices for Climate Change Adaptation in the Tourism Sector until 2040—A Case Study in the Porto Metropolitan Area (Portugal). Applied Sciences, 12(12), p.5835. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12125835.
Dimensions
PlumX
Visitas a la página del resumen del artículo
Descargas
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2022 Autor - Revista
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Cuadernos de Geografía: Revista Colombiana de Geografía es publicada por la Universidad Nacional de Colombia y está licenciada bajo los términos de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 4.0 Internacional License.
