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Exohidrolasas fructosílicas y su importancia en el metabolismo de fructanos en Agave tequilana Weber var. azul
Fructan exohydrolases y its importance in the metabolism of fructans in Agave tequilana Weber var. azul
Exoidrolases de frutanos e sua importância no metabolismo de frutanos em Agave tequilana Weber var. azul
Palabras clave:
fructanos, exohidrolasas fructosílicas, Agave tequilana Weber var. azul (es)frutanos, exo-hidrolases de frutossil, Agave tequilana Weber var. Azul (pt)
fructans, fructosyl exohydrolases, Agave tequilana Weber var. azul (en)
Los fructanos son carbohidratos de estructura química diversa distribuidos en diferentes taxa. En las plantas, además de constituir una importante fuente de carbono, han sido asociados con la tolerancia a diferentes tipos de estrés. La biosíntesis de estos compuestos se lleva a cabo por la acción de las enzimas fructosiltransferasas, mientras que su degradación es mediada por las exohidrolasas fructosílicas, ambos tipos forman parte de la familia 32 de las enzimas hidrolasas glicosídicas. Las exohidrolasas fructosílicas son exo-enzimas que liberan secuencialmente residuos de fructosa terminales de los fructanos para hacerlos disponibles como fuente de carbono en diferentes procesos celulares o bien moléculas de señalización. En esta revisión se hace una descripción de los fructanos y las exohidrolasas fructosílicas en algunas plantas importantes para el consumo humano y para el aprovechamiento industrial, con un enfoque particular en el género Agave, específicamente en A. tequilana. Concluimos, que el estudio de las exohidrolasas fructosílicas en agaves podría ser útil en varias aplicaciones biotecnológicas como en la hidrólisis de estructuras de fructanos no digeridos durante la etapa de cocción del agave en el proceso de producción de tequila. Sin embargo, el primer paso es conocer la funcionalidad de estas enzimas, lo que podría facilitar su incorporación en diferentes procesos biotecnológicos.
Fructans are carbohydrates of diverse chemical structure that are distributed in different taxa. In plants, in addition to be an important source of carbon, they have been associated with tolerance to different types of stress. The biosynthesis of these compounds is carried out by the action of enzymes called fructosyltransferases, while their degradation is mediated by fructan exohydrolases, both types are part of the 32 family of glycosidic hydrolase enzymes. Fructan exohydrolases are exo-enzymes that sequentially release terminal fructose residues from fructans to make them available as carbon sources for different cellular processes or as signaling molecules. In this review, a description is made of fructans, y of fructosyl exohydrolases in some plants important for human consumption or for industrial use, such as the Agave genus, specifically in A. tequilana. We conclude that the study of fructan exohydrolases in agaves could be useful in various biotechnological applications, for example, in the hydrolysis of undigested fructan structures during the agave cooking stage in the tequila production process. However, the first step is to determinate the enzymatic activity in which they are involved, for its posterior inclusion in biotechnology processes.
Os frutanos são um conjunto de carboidratos de estrutura química diversificada que são distribuídos em diferentes filos da vida. Nas plantas, ocorrem em dicotiledôneas e monocotiledôneas, nas quais, além de ser uma importante fonte de carbono, têm sido associadas à tolerância a diferentes tipos de estresse. A biossíntese desses compostos é realizada pela ação de enzimas chamadas fructosiltransferases, enquanto sua degradação é mediada por frutossil exoidrolases, ambos os tipos fazem parte da família das 32 enzimas glicosídeos hidrolases. As frutossil exohidolases são exoenzimas que liberam seqüencialmente resíduos terminais de frutose dos frutanos para torná-los disponíveis para diferentes processos celulares. Nesta revisão, é feita uma descrição dos frutanos presentes nas plantas, principalmente das monocotiledôneas, e das frutossil exo-hidrolases como elemento indispensável para seu uso. Da mesma forma, a presença dessas enzimas no Agave tequilana Weber var. azul, uma espécie de significado ecológico, cultural e econômico no México.
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