Residuos de plaguicidas en cultivos de pasifloras en regiones de alta producción en Colombia
Pesticide residues in passifloras crops in regions of high production in Colombia
Keywords:
Residuos de plaguicidas, prácticas agrícolas, pasifloras, Cromatografía de gases (es)Pesticides, agricultural practices, passifloras, gas chromatography (en)
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Colombia cuenta con una gran diversidad de frutas tropicales las cuales se han venido posicionando en los mercados internacionales, entre ellas las pasifloras. Para que la producción de estos cultivos responda al aumento de la demanda nacional y de exportación, se aplican plaguicidas para el control de plagas y enfermedades. El uso inadecuado de estos agroquímicos puede implicar riesgos de salud pública, contaminación ambiental e interferir en el comercio internacional. Con el objetivo de conocer las prácticas agrícolas y el manejo integrado de plagas relacionado con el uso de plaguicidas se realizaron encuestas a productores de tres especies de pasifloras, maracuyá, gulupa y granadilla en los principales municipios productores de Colombia. Se realizó un muestreo aleatorio y se analizaron muestras por el método IAEA-QuEChERS validado en el laboratorio. De acuerdo a los resultados de las encuestas y los análisis de laboratorio se observó la presencia de residuos de plaguicidas que sobrepasan los límites máximos de residuos en algunas muestras y que los plaguicidas identificados en las muestras corresponden con los aplicados por los agricultores. Se identificó que la presencia de residuos se debe principalmente a las falencias en el buen uso de prácticas agrícolas fundamentalmente a la relacionada con la aplicación de productos agrícolas no registrados para dichos cultivos.
As one of the most bio-diverse countries in the world, Colombia boasts a wide diversity of highly palatable tropical fruits. Even though Colombian fruit production has primarily targeted the domestic market, several fruit species, such as passion fruit (PassifloraSpp), are steadily gaining ground in the broader international arena. Production of these crops and respond to raising domestic and international demand, many Colombian small-scale farmers use pesticides for pest and disease control. Inadequate use of pesticides could possibly entail public health risks, environmental contamination and ultimately interfere with international trade. Surveys were carried out to passifloras producers of three spices of passiflora crops, yellow passion fruit, sweet passion fruit and purple passion fruit from the largest producers municipalities in Colombia with the aim to know the integrate pest control and agricultural practices related with pesticides applied in the crops. Ramdomly sampling was realized and samples were analyzed by multiresidue analysis methodology validated in the laboratory and based on IAEA-QuEChERS method. With the results of survey and laboratory analysis it is showed the presence of pesticide residues that exceed maximum residue limits in some samples and the pesticides identified in the samples correspond to those used by farmers. It was found that the presence of residues is mainly due to the shortcomings in the proper use of agricultural practices related primarily to the implementation of agricultural products no registered for such crops.
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