Publicado

2025-11-04

Funcionalidad a corto plazo de la extremidad superior en pacientes operadas por cáncer de mama que recibieron rehabilitación temprana: un estudio piloto

Short-term upper limb function following breast cancer surgery in women who underwent early rehabilitation: a pilot study

Palabras clave:

Neoplasias de la Mama, Ejercicio Preoperatorio, Rehabilitación, Extremidad Superior, Rango del Movimiento Articular (es)
Breast Neoplasms, Preoperative Exercise, Rehabilitation, Upper Extremity, Range of Motion, Articular (en)

Autores/as

Introducción. El tratamiento inicial del cáncer de mama suele ser quirúrgico, seguido de quimioterapia y/o radioterapia. La afectación de la funcionalidad de la extremidad superior ipsilateral a la mama intervenida es una complicación frecuente.

Objetivo. Evaluar la funcionalidad de la extremidad superior a corto plazo tras rehabilitación tempana en pacientes sometidas a cirugía para tratar el cáncer de mama.

Materiales y métodos. Estudio piloto observacional, longitudinal y prospectivo de una cohorte que incluyó 25 mujeres ≥18 años que fueron sometidas a cirugía para tratar el cáncer de mama y en las que se inició un plan personalizado de rehabilitación temprana de la extremidad afectada en una institución de segundo nivel de atención de Bogotá (Colombia) entre julio de 2022 y diciembre de 2023. La funcionalidad de la extremidad superior afectada (medida con el cuestionario QuickDASH) y la movilidad del hombro (rangos de movimientos de flexión, extensión, rotación y abducción medidos con un goniómetro) se evaluaron en tres momentos: i) 1 semana antes de la cirugía, ii) 2a-3a semanas posoperatorias y iii) 2do-3er mes posoperatorio. Se utilizó un ANOVA de medidas repetidas con un análisis post-hoc mediante la prueba t de Student para muestras pareadas para evaluar diferencias en los 3 momentos.

Resultados. La edad promedio de las pacientes fue 49.5 años (±12.3) y el tipo de cáncer más común fue el carcinoma ductal (80%; n=20). La rehabilitación temprana resultó en la mejora a corto plazo de los arcos de movilidad del hombro en abducción (segundo momento: 131.6° vs. tercer momento: 143°) y flexión (142.8° vs. 160.2°), aunque solo fue significativa en esta última (p=0.007). También se observó una mejora clínica, aunque no significativa, en la funcionalidad entre el segundo y el tercer momento (puntaje QuickDASH: 21.7±12.9 vs. 20.6±20.8; p=0.819).

Conclusión. La implementación temprana de un plan de rehabilitación personalizado en mujeres sometidas a cirugía para tratar el cáncer de mama resultó en una mejora clínica en el corto plazo de la funcionalidad de la extremidad afectada y de la movilidad del hombro en términos de flexión y abducción, aunque la mejora solo fue significativa para la flexión.

Introduction: The initial treatment for breast cancer is usually surgery, followed by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Impaired upper limb function on the same side as the operated breast is a common complication.

Objective: To evaluate short-term upper limb function following early rehabilitation in women who underwent surgery to treat breast cancer.

Materials and methods: Observational, longitudinal, prospective pilot study of a cohort including 25 women ≥18 years who underwent surgery for breast cancer and began a personalized early rehabilitation plan for the affected limb at a secondary care center in Bogotá (Colombia) between July 2022 and December 2023. Upper limb function (measured using the QuickDASH questionnaire) and shoulder mobility (ranges of motion for flexion, extension, rotation, and abduction measured using a goniometer) were assessed at three time points: i) 1 week before surgery, ii) 2–3 weeks after surgery, and iii) 2–3 months after surgery. A repeated measures ANOVA with a post-hoc analysis using Student's t-test for paired samples was used to evaluate differences at the 3 time points.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 49.5 years (±12.3) and the most common type of cancer was ductal carcinoma (80%; n=20). Early rehabilitation led to short-term improvement of the shoulder ranges of motion in abduction (second moment: 131.6° vs. third moment: 143°) and flexion (142.8° vs. 160.2°), although it was significant only in the latter (p=0.007). A clinical improvement in function was also observed between the second and third moment, but it was not significant (QuickDASH score: 21.7±12.9 vs. 20.6±20.8; p=0.819).

Conclusion: The early implementation of a personalized rehabilitation plan in women who underwent breast cancer surgery resulted in short-term clinical improvement in function of the affected limb and shoulder mobility in flexion and abduction, although the improvement was significant only for flexion.

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