Publicado
A study of the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea among university students with excessive daytime sleepiness
Estudio de la prevalencia de apnea obstructiva del sueño en estudiantes universitarios con somnolencia diurna excesiva
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v73.116069Palabras clave:
Sleepiness, Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Prevalence, Students (en)Somnolencia, Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño, Prevalencia, Estudiantes (es)
Descargas
Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is one of the leading secondary causes of sleepiness. However, the literature on its prevalence among health science students with sleepiness is scarce.
Objective: To establish the prevalence of OSA among students with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) at a university in Santa Marta, Colombia.
Materials and methods: A descriptive prevalence study was carried out in 655 health science students (medicine, nursing, dentistry, and psychology). The participants completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS, Cronbach's alpha 0.82), as well as an ad hoc questionnaire (sociodemographic information and clinical variables related to OSA). Students with EDS (ESS≥11) underwent home respiratory polygraphy to confirm the presence of OSA (apnea/hypopnea index [AHI] ≥5).
Results: Of the 655 students screened, 186 (28.40%) had EDS. In this subgroup, the mean age was 21.08 years (SD=2.47) and 70.43% were female. Furthermore, 67.20% were medical students; 12.37% were nursing students; 10.75% were psychology students; and 9.68% were dentistry students. The mean AHI was 1.40 (SD=2.53) and 19 (10.21%) had OSA, of which 18 (94.74%) were mild cases (AHI=5.00-14.99).
Conclusions: In the present study, carried out at a public university in Santa Marta, 10% of health sciences students with EDS were diagnosed with OSA. Further studies should investigate OSA independently of the EDS diagnosis as determined by the ESS score.
Introducción. La apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) es una de las principales causas secundarias de somnolencia. No obstante, la literatura sobre su prevalencia en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud con somnolencia es escasa.
Objetivo. Establecer la prevalencia de AOS en estudiantes con somnolencia diurna excesiva (SDE) de una universidad de Santa Marta, Colombia.
Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo de prevalencia realizado en 655 estudiantes de ciencias de la salud (medicina, enfermería, odontología y psicología). Los participantes diligenciaron la Escala de Somnolencia de Epworth (ESE, alfa de Cronbach de 0.82), así como un cuestionario ad hoc (información sociodemográfica y variables clínicas relacionadas con la AOS). En aquellos estudiantes con SDE (EES≥11) se realizó una poligrafía respiratoria domiciliaria para confirmar la presencia de AOS (índice de apnea/hipopnea [IAH] ≥5).
Resultados. De los 655 estudiantes tamizados, 186 (28.40%) tenían SDE. En este subgrupo, la edad promedio fue 21.08 años (DE=2.47) y 70.43% eran mujeres; además, 67.20% eran estudiantes de medicina; 12.37%, de enfermería; 10.75%, de psicología, y 9.68%, de odontología. El IAH promedio fue 1.40 (DE=2.53) y 19 (10.21%) tenían AOS, de los cuales 18 (94.74%) eran casos leves (IAH=5.00-14.99).
Conclusiones. En el presente estudio, realizado en una universidad pública de Santa Marta, 1 de cada 10 estudiantes de ciencias de la salud con SDE tuvo AOS. Futuros estudios deben investigar la AOS independientemente del diagnóstico de SDE según la puntuación en la ESE.
Referencias
1. Gandhi KD, Mansukhani MP, Silber MH, Kolla BP. Excessive daytime sleepiness: A clinical review. Mayo Clin Proc. 2021;96(5):1288-301. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.08.033. PMID: 33840518.
2. He K, Kapur VK. Sleep-disordered breathing and excessive daytime sleepiness. Sleep Med Clin. 2017;12(3):369-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2017.03.010. PMID: 28778235.
3. Binjabr MA, Alalawi IS, Alzahrani RA, Albalawi OS, Hamzah RH, Ibrahim YS, et al. The worldwide prevalence of sleep problems among medical students by problem, country, and COVID-19 status: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of 109 studies involving 59427 participants. Curr Sleep Med Report. 2023;9(3):161-79. doi: 10.1007/s40675-023-00258-5. PMID: 37359215; PMCID: PMC10238781.
4. Wilches-Visbal JH, Angulo-Luna AA, Campo-Arias A. Excessive daytime sleepiness among dental students. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Dent Res. 2024;35(4):465-9. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_215_24. PMID: 40045931.
5. Sánchez-Oviedo S, Solarte-Rodríguez WE, Correa-Carlosama ST, Imbachí-Quinayás DY, Anaya-Ramírez ML, Mera-Mamián AY, et al. Factores relacionados con la calidad del sueño y la somnolencia diurna en universitarios del suroccidente colombiano. Duazary. 2021;18(3):232-46. doi: 10.21676/2389783X.4230.
6. Azad MC, Fraser K, Rumana N, Abdullah AF, Shahana N, Hanly PJ, et al. Sleep disturbances among medical students: A global perspective. J Clin Sleep Med. 2015;11(1):69-74. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.4370. PMID: 25515274; PMCID: PMC4265662.
7. Senaratna CV, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Campbell BE, Matheson MC, et al. Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in the general population: A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev. 2017;34:70-81. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2016.07.002. PMID: 27568340.
8. Slowik JM, Sankari A, Collen JF. Obstructive sleep apnea. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing; 2025 [cited 2025 Jun 3]. PMID: 29083619 Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459252/.
9. Mannarino MR, Di Filippo F, Pirro M. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Eur J Intern Med. 2012;23(7):586-93. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2012.05.013. PMID: 22939801.
10. Berry RB, Brooks R, Gamaldo CE, Harding SM, Lloyd RM, Quan SF, et al. The AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events: Rules, terminology and technical specifications. Version 2.4, Darien, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2017.
11. Bouscoulet LT, Vázquez-García JC, Muiño A, Márquez M, López MV, de Oca MM, et al. Prevalence of sleep related symptoms in four Latin American cities. J Clin Sleep Med. 2008;4(6):579-85. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.27353. PMID: 19110888; PMCID: PMC2603536.
12. Prasad B, Steffen AD, Van Dongen HPA, Pack FM, Strakovsky I, Staley B, et al. Determinants of sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep. 2018;41(2):zsx199. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsx199. PMID: 29444292; PMCID: PMC6018835.
13. Ernst G, Mariani J, Blanco M, Finn B, Salvado A, Borsini E. Increase in the frequency of obstructive sleep apnea in elderly people. Sleep Sci. 2019;12(03):222-6. doi: 10.5935/1984-0063.20190081. PMID: 31890099; PMCID: PMC6932834.
14. Costa MP da, Lorenzi Filho G, Marzano Rodrigues MN, Trindade Suedam IK, Trindade SHK.. Obstructive sleep apnea and related symptoms in medical students. Research, Society and Development. 2022;11(9):e11911931653. doi: 10.33448/rsd-v11i9.31653.
15. Suzuki H, Fujimoto K, Hazu T, Seki R, Wada H. Causes of excessive daytime sleepiness in Japanese medical students: A cross-sectional study. Shinshu Med J. 2023;71(1):43-52. doi: 10.11441/shinshumedj.71.43.
16. Garbarino S, Bardwell WA, Guglielmi O, Chiorri C, Bonanni E, Magnavita N. Association of anxiety and depression in obstructive sleep apnea patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Behav Sleep Med. 2020;18(1):35-57. doi: 10.1080/15402002.2018.1545649. PMID: 30453780.
17. Edwards C, Almeida OP, Ford AH. Obstructive sleep apnea and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Maturitas. 2020;142:45-54. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.06.002. PMID: 33158487.
18. Pauletto P, Réus JC, Bolan M, Massignan C, Flores-Mir C, Maia I, et al. Association between obstructive sleep apnea and health-related quality of life in untreated adults: A systematic review. Sleep Breath. 2021;25(4):1773-89. doi: 10.1007/s11325-021-02323-11-17. PMID: 33709191.
19. Salari N, Khazaie H, Abolfathi M, Ghasemi H, Shabani S, Rasoulpoor S, et al. The effect of obstructive sleep apnea on the increased risk of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol Sci. 2022;43(1):219-31. doi: 10.1007/s10072-021-05765-3. PMID: 34797460.
20. Seda G, Shrivastava S. Effects of obstructive sleep apnea and insomnia on cognitive function. Medical Research Archives. 2023;11(2):3578. doi: 10.18103/mra.v11i2.3578.
21. Ramos-Galarza C, Acosta-Rodas P, Bolaños-Pasquel M, Lepe-Martínez N. The role of executive functions in academic performance and behaviour of university students. J Appl Res High Educ. 2020;12(3):444-55. doi: 10.1108/JARHE-10-2018-0221.
22. Lakens D. Sample size justification. Collabra: Psychology. 2022;8(1):33267. doi: 10.1525/collabra.33267.
23. Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: The Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep. 1991;14(6):540-5. doi: 10.1093/sleep/14.6.540. PMID: 1798888.
24. Pedrozo-Pupo JC, Cordoba AP, Campo-Arias A. Estructura factorial y consistencia interna de la escala de somnolencia de Epworth. Rev. Fac. Med. 2020;68(2):183-7. doi: 10.15446/revfacmed.v68n2.73025.
25. IBM-SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 23.0 [Software]. Armonk: SPSS. Inc; 2015.
26. World Medical Association (WMA). Declaration of Helsinki - Ethical principles for medical research involving human participants [Internet]. Helsinki: 75th WMA General Assembly; 2024 [cited 2025 Jun 3]. Available from: https://bit.ly/40k4BRS.
27. Colombia. Ministerio de Salud. Resolución 8430 de 1993 (octubre 4): Por la cual se establecen las normas científicas, técnicas y administrativas para la investigación en salud [Internet]. Bogotá D.C.; October 4 1993 [cited 2025 Jun 3]. Available from: https://bit.ly/3Q3R0t8.
28. Ito K, Ikeda T. Accuracy of type III portable monitors for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea. Biomed Hub. 2018;3(2):1-10. doi: 10.1159/000489158. PMID: 31988959; PMCID: PMC6945970.
29. Rothman KJ, Lash TL, Haneuse S, VanderWeele TJ. The scope of epidemiology. In: Lash TL, VanderWeele TJ, Haneuse S, Rothman KJ, editors. Modern epidemiology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2021. p. 3-15.
30. Gupta SD. Principles of epidemiology. In: Gupta SD, Khanna A, editors. Healthcare system management: Methods and techniques. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore; 2022. p. 47-83.
31. D’Arrigo G, El Hafeez SA, Mezzatesta S, Abelardo D, Provenzano FP, Vilasi A, et al. Common mistakes in biostatistics. Clin Kidney J. 2024;17(7):sfae197. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfae197. PMID: 39165900; PMCID: PMC11333961.
32. Ahrens W, Pigeot I. Handbook of epidemiology. New York: Springer, 2024. doi: 10.1007/b137839.
Dimensions
PlumX
Visitas a la página del resumen del artículo
Descargas
Cómo citar
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 El(Los) autor(es).
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
-
