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Correlación entre masa muscular apendicular esquelética y calidad de vida y bienestar psicológico en personas mayores no institucionalizadas en Chile
Correlation between appendicular skeletal muscle mass and quality of life and psychological well-being in non-institutionalized older adults in Chile
Palabras clave:
Persona Mayor, Músculo Esquelético, Calidad de Vida, Bienestar Psicológico (es)Aged, Skeletal Muscle, Quality of Life, Psychological Well-being (en)
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Introducción. En los últimos años, se ha observado un aumento considerable en la prevalencia de personas mayores. Se ha reportado que la pérdida de masa muscular es más frecuente desde la séptima década de vida, representando un serio problema de salud pública debido a su asociación con efectos negativos en la salud.
Objetivo. Evaluar la correlación entre masa muscular apendicular esquelética (MMAE), calidad de vida (CV) y bienestar psicológico (BP) en personas mayores (PM) no institucionalizadas en Chile.
Materiales y métodos. Estudio correlacional realizado en 59 PM (≥65 años) no institucionalizadas de Santiago (Chile). La MMAE se calculó mediante una ecuación predictiva publicada en la literatura, y la CV y el BP se evaluaron con los instrumentos WHOQOL-BREF y WHOQOL-OLD, y las Escalas de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff, respectivamente. Se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman para medir la correlación entre MMAE y CV y BP en la muestra total, así como en hombres y en mujeres.
Resultados. La edad promedio y la MMAE promedio fueron 75.68 años y 15.27kg; 77.97% de los participantes eran mujeres. Los puntajes promedio en el WHOQOL-BREF, el WHOQOL-OLD y las Escalas de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff fueron 58.80, 65.54 y 105.68. En el caso de la CV, la MMAE se correlacionó negativamente con el dominio “Calidad de vida” del WHOQOL-BREF (r=-0.37; p=0.040); las demás correlaciones no fueron significativas. En cuanto al BP, se encontraron correlaciones significativas con la puntuación global y las dimensiones “Relaciones positivas con los otros”, “Autonomía”, “Dominio del entorno” y “Crecimiento personal”; todas negativas (r=-0.37, p=0.004; r=-0.56, p=0.000; r-0.38, p=0.003; r=-0.33, p=0.012; r=-0.29, p=0.024). Además, en el análisis estratificado por sexo se observaron correlaciones diferenciadas en los 3 instrumentos, principalmente en el WHOQOL-OLD y las Escalas de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff.
Conclusiones. La MMAE se correlacionó negativamente con la dimensión “Calidad de vida” del WHOQOL-BREF, con el puntaje global en las Escalas de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff y con cuatro de sus dimensiones. No hubo correlaciones con el WHOQOL-OLD. El análisis por sexo reveló correlaciones diferenciadas.
Introduction: In recent years, there has been a considerable increase in the prevalence of muscle atrophy among older adults. It has been reported that muscle loss becomes more frequent after the age of 70, constituting a serious public health problem due to its association with negative health outcomes.
Objective: To evaluate the correlation between appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM), quality of life (QoL), and psychological well-being (PWB) in non-institutionalized older adults in Chile.
Materials and methods: Correlational study conducted in 59 non-institutionalized older adults (≥65 years) in Santiago, Chile. ASMM was calculated using a predictive equation published in the literature, QoL was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF and the WHOQOL-OLD instruments, while PWB was assessed using the Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Wellbeing. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was employed to measure the correlation between ASMM and QoL and PWB in the entire sample, as well as in males and females.
Results: The mean age and mean ASMM were 75.68 years and 15.27 kg, and 77.97% of participants were female. The mean scores on the WHOQOL-BREF, WHOQOL-OLD, and Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Wellbeing were 58.80, 65.54, and 105.68, respectively. In the case of QoL, ASMM was negatively correlated with the “Quality of Life” domain of the WHOQOL-BREF (r=-0.37; p=0.040); the other correlations were not significant. Regarding PWB, significant correlations were found with the overall score and the domains “Positive relationships,” “Autonomy,” “Environmental mastery,” and “Personal growth,” all of which were negative (r=-0.37, p=0.004; r=-0.56, p=0.000; r=-0.38, p=0.003; r=-0.33, p=0.012; r=-0.29, p=0.024). Moreover, in the stratified analysis by sex, different correlations were observed in the three instruments, mainly in the WHOQOL-OLD and the Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Wellbeing.
Conclusions: ASMM was negatively correlated with the “Quality of Life” domain of the WHOQOL-BREF, as well as with the overall score on the Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Wellbeing and with four of its domains. There were no correlations with the WHOQOL-OLD. Analysis by sex revealed different correlations.
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
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