Cálculo del IMC según circunferencia de cintura, edad y talla mediante ecuación de regresión en población peruana
Calculation of BMI based on waist circumference, age, and height in the Peruvian population using a regression equation
Palabras clave:
Índice de Masa Corporal, Circunferencia de la Cintura, Antropometría, Informática en Salud Pública, Modelos Lineales (es)Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Anthropometry, Health Informatics, Linear Models (en)
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Introducción. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) es un potencial indicador de la salud y, por tanto, debiera considerarse al evaluar la salud de un individuo.
Objetivos. Desarrollar una ecuación de regresión para el cálculo del IMC en población peruana con base en la circunferencia de cintura, la talla y la edad, y evaluar su capacidad predictiva para identificar casos de sobrepeso/obesidad (IMC≥25) en comparación con el IMC determinado con la fórmula de Quetelet (peso y talla).
Material y métodos. Estudio analítico transversal realizado con datos secundarios de población peruana (≥18 años) obtenidos de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud (ENDES) (n=60 192; 2022: 30 047; 2023: 30 145). Se corrió un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple usando los datos de los encuestados de la ENDES-2022 para obtener la ecuación de regresión. Se evaluó la capacidad de la ecuación para identificar casos de sobrepeso/obesidad (IMC≥25) en comparación con la fórmula de Quetelet (sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo, valor predictivo negativo, cociente de probabilidad positivo y cociente de probabilidad negativo).
Resultados. La ecuación de regresión obtenida [IMC=9.007+(-0.052*edad)+(-0.396*circunferencia de cintura)+(-0.103*talla)] fue estadísticamente significativa (F=62768.475; p<0.001) y el valor de R2 fue 0.858. Cuando se usó con los datos de los encuestados de la ENDES-2023 se obtuvo un valor R2 de 0.845 y se observó una distribución homocedástica respecto a los valores de IMC obtenidos con la fórmula de Quetelet. La fuerza de la asociación entre el IMC calculado con la ecuación y el obtenido con la fórmula de Quetelet fue alta en la ENDES-2022 (OR=73.54; IC95%: 67.961-78.55) y la ENDES-2023 (OR=66.697; IC95%: 66.168-72.136). La sensibilidad y el valor predictivo positivo fueron >90% en ambos años.
Conclusiones. Es factible determinar el IMC y clasificar casos de sobrepeso/obesidad en población peruana usando la ecuación de regresión basada en circunferencia de cintura, talla y edad, la cual puede ser útil en lugares con acceso limitado a balanzas precisas, ya sea por razones económicas o geográficas.
Introduction: BMI is a potential indicator of health and, therefore, should be considered when assessing an individual's health.
Objectives: To develop a regression equation for calculating BMI in the Peruvian population based on waist circumference, height, and age, and to evaluate its predictive capacity to identify overweight/obesity cases (BMI≥25) compared to BMI determined using the Quetelet's index (weight and height).
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with secondary data from the Peruvian population (≥18 years) obtained from the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) (n=60 192; 2022: 30 047; 2023: 30 145). A multiple linear regression model was run using data from the ENDES-2022 survey to obtain the regression equation. The equation's capacity to identify overweight/obesity cases (BMI ≥25) was compared to the Quetelet's index (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio).
Results: The regression equation obtained [BMI=9.007 + (-0.052*age) + (-0.396*waist circumference) + (-0.103*height)] was statistically significant (F=62768.475; p<0.001) and the R2 value was 0.858. When used with data from ENDES-2023 respondents, an R2 value of 0.845 was obtained and a homoscedastic distribution was observed with respect to the BMI values obtained with the Quetelet’s index. The strength of the association between BMI calculated with the equation and BMI obtained with the Quetelet’s index was high for ENDES-2022 (OR=73.54; 95% CI=67.961-78.55) and ENDES-2023 (OR=66.697; 95% CI=66.168-72.136) respondents. Sensitivity and PPV were >90% in both years.
Conclusions: It is feasible to determine BMI and classify overweight/obesity cases in the Peruvian population using the regression equation based on waist circumference, height, and age. This may be useful in areas with limited access to accurate scales, either for economic or geographical reasons.
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