Raquitismo hipofosfatémico ligado al cromosoma X en Colombia: reporte de caso
X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets in Colombia: case report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v73.119610Palabras clave:
Raquitismo Hipofosfatémico Familiar, Calcitriol, Factores de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos, Endopeptidasa Neutra Reguladora de Fosfato PHEX, Informes de Casos (es)Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets, Calcitriol, Fibroblast Growth Factors, PHEX Phosphate Regulating Neutral Endopeptidase, Case Reports (en)
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Introducción. El raquitismo hipofosfatémico ligado al cromosoma X es una enfermedad rara (1.7-4.8 casos por cada 100 000 habitantes) caracterizada por una inadecuada mineralización ósea debido a una alteración genética del metabolismo del fósforo.
Presentación del caso. Niña de 2 años y 6 meses quien fue llevada al servicio de ortopedia de un hospital de cuarto nivel de atención en Bucaramanga (Colombia) por marcha inestable, cojera y dolor en el pie derecho. En el examen físico se documentó lo siguiente: genu varo bilateral de 10°, limitación para la abducción extrema de caderas, clinodactilia bilateral en quinto dedo de los pies, pie plano bilateral, peso de 11kg y talla de 79cm (menor al percentil 3 de las curvas de crecimiento del CDC). Los exámenes de laboratorio mostraron hipofosfatemia, fosfatasa alcalina elevada e hiperfosfaturia, por lo que se sospechó raquitismo hipofosfatémico. La paciente recibió tratamiento convencional con sales de ortofosfato y calcitriol, observándose fluctuaciones en su estado de salud con periodos de remisión de los síntomas y periodos de reagudización, así como aumento de la deformidad corporal. A los 5 años de edad, mediante análisis genético, se confirmó diagnóstico de raquitismo hipofosfatémico dominante ligado al cromosoma X, con variante patogénica c.1158G>A heterocigota en el gen PHEX. A los 9 años 8 meses de edad, se inició tratamiento con Burosumab, logrando una mejora de los síntomas y de la velocidad de crecimiento. La paciente continúa asistiendo a controles periódicos.
Conclusión. La experiencia del presente caso demuestra que la suplementación con calcitriol y sales de ortofosfato puede ser una opción de tratamiento adecuada de la XHL siempre que haya una buena adherencia. Sin embargo, el tratamiento con burosumab mostró una mayor efectividad, con una mejoría notable solo seis meses después de su implementación y con una apropiada adherencia.
Introduction: X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets is a rare disease (1.7-4.8 cases per 100 000 population) characterized by inadequate bone mineralization due to a genetic alteration of phosphorus metabolism.
Case presentation: A girl aged 2 years and 6 months was taken to the orthopedic service of a tertiary care hospital in Bucaramanga (Colombia) due to gait disturbances, limping, and pain in the right foot. Physical examination revealed bilateral genu varum of 10°, limitation of extreme hip abduction, bilateral clinodactyly in the fifth toe, bilateral flat feet, weight of 11 kg, and height of 79 cm (less than the percentile 3 in the CDC height-for-age growth charts). Laboratory tests showed hypophosphatemia, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and hyperphosphaturia, suggesting hypophosphatemic rickets. The patient received conventional treatment with orthophosphate salts and calcitriol, noting fluctuations in her condition with periods of symptom remission and periods of exacerbation, as well as increased body deformity. At 5 years of age, genetic analysis confirmed the diagnosis of X-linked dominant hypophosphatemic rickets, with pathogenic variant c.1158G>A heterozygous in the PHEX gene. At 9 years 8 months of age, treatment with burosumab was started, achieving an improvement of symptoms and growth velocity. The patient continues to attend periodic check-ups.
Conclusion: This case demonstrates that supplementation with calcitriol and orthophosphate salts can be a suitable treatment option for XHL provided there is good adherence. However, treatment with burosumab showed greater effectiveness, with remarkable improvement only six months after its implementation and with appropriate adherence.
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