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Probable caso de síndrome DRESS inducido por fenofibrato. Reporte de caso
Probable case of fenofibrate-induced DRESS syndrome. Case report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v74.123745Palabras clave:
Síndrome de Hipersensibilidad a Medicamentos, Fenofibrato, Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas relacionadas con Medicamentos, Informes de Casos (es)DRESS Syndrome, Fenofibrate, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Case Reports (en)
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Introducción. El síndrome DRESS (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) es una reacción adversa severa a medicamentos potencialmente mortal que compromete múltiples órganos y se caracteriza por exantema, fiebre, adenopatías y eosinofilia. En la literatura solo se reporta un caso de síndrome DRESS asociado con fenofibrato.
Presentación del caso. Hombre de 70 años con hipertensión arterial e hipertrigliceridemía que asistió al servicio de urgencias de un hospital universitario de Bogotá D.C. (Colombia) debido a la presencia de exantema eritematoso generalizado y fiebre intermitente (38.6°C), diarrea, náuseas y palpitaciones cardiacas durante los últimos 3 días. De acuerdo con el paciente, dos semanas antes había empezado a tomar fenofibrato (160 mg/día) para el manejo de la hipertrigliceridemía. Los laboratorios de ingreso mostraron eosinofilia y elevación de transaminasas. El paciente obtuvo una puntuación de 4 según los criterios RegiSCAR, compatible con un caso probable de síndrome DRESS asociado a fenofibrato, por lo que fue hospitalizado. El medicamento se suspendió inmediatamente y se inició administración intravenosa de metilprednisolona (250 mg/día) por 3 días, seguido de prednisolona oral (1 mg/kg/día) con indicación de reducción gradual. Al séptimo día de hospitalización, ante una evolución clínica satisfactoria (mejoría progresiva de las lesiones cutáneas y normalización del conteo de eosinófilos), fue dado de alta con indicación de continuar el tratamiento con prednisolona con reducción gradual de la dosis durante 8 semanas, periodo en el que no se documentaron recaídas ni eventos adversos.
Conclusión. El presente caso resalta la importancia de reconocer oportunamente las manifestaciones clínicas del síndrome DRESS e identificar rápidamente el fármaco causante, incluso si es uno raramente asociado como el fenofibrato. En todo caso, es importante mencionar que, con base en la puntuación RegiSCAR obtenida, el presente es un caso probable de síndrome DRESS asociado a fenofibrato, no un caso positivo.
Introduction: Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a severe, life-threatening adverse drug reaction that causes multiorgan involvement characterized by rash, fever, lymphadenopathy, and eosinophilia. Only one case of fenofibrate-associated DRESS syndrome has been reported in the literature.
Case presentation: A 70-year-old man with hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia presented to the emergency department of a university hospital in Bogotá (Colombia) with a generalized erythematous rash, intermittent fever (38.6°C), diarrhea, nausea, and palpitations over the preceding 3 days. The patient reported initiating fenofibrate (160 mg/day) 2 weeks prior for hypertriglyceridemia management. Admission laboratory tests revealed eosinophilia and elevated transaminases. The patient scored 4 according to RegiSCAR criteria, consistent with a probable case of fenofibrate-associated DRESS syndrome, so he was admitted. The drug was immediately discontinued, and IV methylprednisolone (250 mg/day) was initiated for 3 days, followed by oral prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day) with a planned taper. On hospital day 7, following favorable clinical progress (progressive improvement of skin lesions and normalization of eosinophil count), he was discharged with instructions to continue oral prednisolone on a gradual 8-week taper, during which no relapses or adverse events occurred.
Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of timely recognition of DRESS syndrome clinical manifestations and prompt identification of the suspected drug, even when rarely implicated, such as fenofibrate. It is still worth noting that, based on the RegiSCAR score, this represents a probable, rather than a definitive, case of fenofibrate-associated DRESS syndrome.
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