Publicado

2026-09-04

Relación entre el número comorbilidades, índice de Barthel y estancia hospitalaria en adultos en final de vida que requirieron sedación paliativa

Relationship between number of comorbidities, Barthel index, and length of hospital stay in patients receiving end-of-life care requiring palliative sedation

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v74.124193

Palabras clave:

Enfermedad Crónica, Relaciones Paciente-Hospital, Envejecimiento, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Cuidados Paliativos (es)
Chronic Disease, Hospital-Patient Relation, Aging, Cardiovascular Diseases, Palliative Care (en)

Autores/as

Introducción. La multimorbilidad y el deterioro funcional aumentan la complejidad clínica de los pacientes en final de vida, particularmente en sistemas sanitarios con limitada integración de cuidados paliativos. Comprender la relación entre número de comorbilidades, funcionalidad y duración de la estancia hospitalaria es esencial para optimizar la asignación de recursos y la toma de decisiones clínicas.

Objetivo. Evaluar la correlación entre número de comorbilidades e índice de Barthel y duración de la estancia hospitalaria en pacientes no oncológicos en etapa final de vida que requirieron sedación paliativa.

Materiales y métodos. Estudio analítico retrospectivo realizado con datos de 49 pacientes adultos en final de vida que requirieron sedación paliativa en un hospital de Manizales (Colombia) entre enero de 2022 y diciembre de 2023. La correlación entre edad, número de comorbilidades, índice de Barthel y duración de la estancia hospitalaria se evaluó mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Adicionalmente, se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal simple para evaluar si el número de comorbilidades predecía la duración de la estancia hospitalaria.

Resultados. La mediana de edad fue 79 años (RIC: 71-87 años), 51.02% eran mujeres y la mediana de duración de la estancia hospitalaria fue 8 días (RIC: 4-16 días). La frecuencia de multimorbilidad fue 91.84% y la hipertensión arterial fue la comorbilidad más común (71.43%); 95.92% de los pacientes tenían síntomas refractarios, principalmente delirium (48.94%), y 87.76% tenían algún grado de dependencia funcional, siendo la dependencia moderada y la total las más comunes (32.65% y 20.41%). La correlación entre el número de comorbilidades y la duración de la estancia hospitalaria no fue estadísticamente significativa (ρ=0.086; p=0.558) y no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la duración de la estancia hospitalaria entre grupos de multimorbilidad (p=0.305). Se observó una correlación positiva y estadísticamente significativa entre el índice de Barthel y la duración de la estancia hospitalaria (ρ=0.452; p=0.001).

Conclusiones. En nuestra cohorte, la multimorbilidad no se correlacionó con la duración de la estancia hospitalaria; sin embargo, la funcionalidad sí mostró una correlación positiva significativa, donde a mayor dependencia funcional, menor la estancia hospitalaria, lo que resalta la necesidad de incorporar la valoración del estado funcional en la planificación del cuidado al final de la vida.

Introduction: Multimorbidity and functional decline increase clinical complexity in patients receiving end-of-life care, particularly within healthcare systems with limited palliative care integration. Understanding the relationship between number of comorbidities, functional status, and length of hospital stay is essential to optimize resource allocation and clinical decision-making.

Objective: To evaluate the correlation between number of comorbidities and Barthel index (BI) with length of hospital stay in patients with non-cancer conditions receiving end-of-life care requiring palliative sedation.

Materials and methods: A retrospective analytical study was conducted using data from 49 adult patients receiving end-of-life care requiring palliative sedation at a hospital in Manizales (Colombia) between January 2022 and December 2023. Correlations between age, number of comorbidities, BI, and length of hospital stay were evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Additionally, a simple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate whether the number of comorbidities predicted length of hospital stay.

Results: Median age was 79 years (IQR: 71–87 years), 51.02% were female, and median length of hospital stay was 8 days (IQR: 4–16 days). Multimorbidity frequency was 91.84%, with hypertension being the most common comorbidity (71.43%); 95.92% of patients presented refractory symptoms, mainly delirium (48.94%), and 87.76% had some degree of functional dependency, with moderate and total dependency being the most frequent (32.65% and 20.41%, respectively). Correlation between number of comorbidities and length of hospital stay was not statistically significant (ρ=0.086; p=0.558), and no significant differences in length of hospital stay were found across multimorbidity groups (p=0.305). A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between BI and length of hospital stay (ρ=0.452; p=0.001).

Conclusions: In this cohort, multimorbidity did not correlate with length of hospital stay; however, functional status showed a significant positive correlation, where greater functional dependence was associated with a shorter length of hospital stay. These findings highlight the need to incorporate functional status assessment into end-of-life care planning.

Referencias

1. Rodrigues LP, Vissoci JRN, França DG, Caruzzo NM, Batista SRR, de Oliveira C, et al. Multimorbidity patterns and hospitalisation occurrence in adults and older adults aged 50 years or over. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):11643. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-15723-4. PMID: 35804008; PMCID: PMC9270321.

2. Gómez-González BJ, González-Bello AM, Valdez-Muñoz LC, Cañadas-Aragón CP, Villalba-Toquica CP, Sandoval LM. Characterization of the patients aged 60 or over admitted to the hospitalization wards of a referral center in the Colombian southwest. 2021-2022. Rev. Fac. Med. 2026;74:e119657. English. doi: 10.15446/revfacmed.v74.119657.

3. Saavedra-Moreno C, Hurtado P, Velasco N, Ramírez A. Identification of population multimorbidity patterns in 3.9 million patients from Bogota in 2018. Glob Epidemiol. 2024;8:100171. doi: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2024.100171. PMID: 39498214; PMCID: PMC11533067.

4. Luta X, Diernberger K, Bowden J, Droney J, Howdon D, Schmidlin K, et al. Healthcare trajectories and costs in the last year of life: A retrospective primary care and hospital analysis. BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2024;14:e807-15. doi: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2020-002630. PMID: 33268473.

5. Abián MH, Antón Rodríguez C, Noguera A. End-of-life cost savings in the palliative care unit compared to other services. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2022;64(5):495-503. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2022.06.016. PMID: 35842179.

6. Tolppanen AM, Lamminmäki A, Kataja V, Tyynelä-Koponen K. Specialized palliative outpatient clinic care involvement and end-of-life hospital costs among cancer patients, a single centre study. BMC Palliative Care. 2024;23(1):302. doi: 10.1186/s12904-024-01633-x. PMID: 39731088; PMCID: PMC11681669.

7. Marulanda-López JE, Pineda-Hernández PJ, Ramos-Castañeda JA, González-González DR, González-Peña SP, Botero-Baena SM, et al. Factores relacionados con sedación paliativa en adultos con enfermedades crónicas no oncológicas en cuidados paliativos. Revista Salud Bosque. 2025;15(1):1-12. doi: 10.18270/rsb.4777.

8. Sánchez-Cárdenas MA, León MX, Rodríguez-Campos LF, Vargas-Escobar LY, Arango-Vélez EF, Rojas-López M, et al. Accessibility to palliative care services in Colombia: an analysis of geographic disparities. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):1659. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19132-2. PMID: 38907204; PMCID: PMC11193229.

9. Johnston BM, Miller M, Normand C, Cardona M, May P, Lowney AC, et al. Primary data on symptom burden and quality of life among elderly patients at risk of dying during unplanned admissions to an NHS hospital: a cohort study using EuroQoL and the integrated palliative care outcome scale. BMC Palliative Care. 2024;23(1):46. doi: 10.1186/s12904-024-01384-9. PMID: 38374101; PMCID: PMC10877897.

10. Binns-Emerick L, Patel P, Deol BB, Kang M. Multidisciplinary palliative care of the older adult: a narrative review. Ann Palliat Med. 2024;13(4):1002-11. doi: 10.21037/apm-23-541. PMID: 38859592.

11. Wong A, Tayjasanant S, Rodriguez-Nunez A, Park M, Liu D, Zafar SY, et al. Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale Time Duration of Self‐Completion Versus Assisted Completion in Patients with Advanced Cancer: A Randomized Comparison. Oncologist. 2021;26(2):165-71. doi: 10.1002/onco.13619. PMID: 33252169; PMCID: PMC7873322.

12. Barrena-Urieta I, Rodríguez-Rocha AJ, Wang-Gao Y, Rol-Hoyas CM; Domínguez-Lorenzo C. Perfil de pacientes con cronicidad avanzada y necesidades paliativas: un cambio que no llega. Rev Clín Med Fam. 2022;15(2):85-92. doi: 10.55783/rcmf.150204.

13. Mateos-Arroyo JA, Zaragoza-García I, Sánchez-Gómez R, Posada-Moreno P, Ortuño-Soriano I. Validation of the Barthel Index as a Predictor of In-Hospital Mortality among COVID-19 Patients. Healthcare. 2023;11(9):1338. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11091338. PMID: 37174880; PMCID: PMC10178780.

14. Ojeda-Méndez CA, Palomino-Pacichana DS, Bejarano-Barragán L, Ocampo-Chaparro JM, Reyes- Ortiz CA. Factores asociados con estancia hospitalaria prolongada en una unidad geriátrica de agudos. Acta Médica Colombiana. 2021;46(1):1-7. doi: 10.36104/amc.2021.1844.

15. Bhyan P, Shrestha U, Schoo C, Goyal A. Palliative Sedation in Patients With Terminal Illness. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026. PMID: 29262025.

16. Tomczyk M, Jaques C, Jox RJ. Clinical Practice Guidelines on Palliative Sedation Around the World: A Systematic Review. J Palliat Care. 2025;40(1):58-71. doi: 10.1177/08258597221138674. PMID: 36437779; PMCID: PMC11568653.

17. Beauverd M, Mazzoli M, Pralong J, Tomczyk M, Eychmüller S, Gaertner J. Palliative sedation - revised recommendations. Swiss Med Wkly. 2024;154:3590. doi: 10.57187/s.3590. PMID: 38579308.

18. Reid J, de Vries E, Ahmedzai SH, Arias-Rojas M, Calvache JA, Gómez-Sarmiento SC, et al. Palliative Care and Oncology in Colombia: The Potential of Integrated Care Delivery. Healthcare (Basel). 2021;9(7):789. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9070789. PMID: 34201639; PMCID: PMC8304350.

19. World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Participants. JAMA. 2025;333(1):71-4. doi: 10.1001/jama.2024.21972. PMID: 39425955.

20. Colombia. Ministerio de Salud. Resolución 8430 de 1993 (octubre 4): Por la cual se establecen las normas científicas, técnicas y administrativas para la investigación en salud [Internet]. Bogotá D.C.; october 4 1993 [cited 2026 Aug 4]. Available from: https://bit.ly/3Q3R0t8.

21. Chowdhury SR, Chandra Das D, Sunna TC, Beyene J, Hossain A. Global and regional prevalence of multimorbidity in the adult population in community settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine. 2023;57:101860. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101860. PMID: 36864977; PMCID: PMC9971315.

22. Rodrigues LP, de Oliveira Rezende AT, Delpino FM, Mendonça CR, Noll M, Nunes BP, et al. Association between multimorbidity and hospitalization in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing. 2022;51(7):afac155. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afac155. PMID: 35871422; PMCID: PMC9308991.

23. Hewitt J, McCormack C, Tay HS, Greig M, Law J, Tay A, et al. Prevalence of multimorbidity and its association with outcomes in older emergency general surgical patients: an observational study. BMJ Open. 2016;6(3):e010126. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010126. PMID: 27033960; PMCID: PMC4823401.

24. Martín-Moreno V, Martínez-Sanz MI, Martín-Fernández A, Guerra-Maroto S, Sevillano-Fuentes E, Pérez-Rico E, et al. Proposal for a revised Barthel index classification based on mortality risk assessment in functional dependence for basic activities of daily living. Front Public Health. 2025;12:1478897. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1478897. PMID: 39877909; PMCID: PMC11772177.

25. Li F, Li D, Yu J, Jia Y, Jiang Y, Chen T, et al. Barthel Index as a Predictor of Mortality in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: Better Activities of Daily Living, Better Prognosis. Clin Interv Aging. 2020;15:1951-61. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S270101. PMID: 33116449; PMCID: PMC7568594.

26. Ramos-Rincon JM, Moreno-Perez O, Gomez-Martinez N, Priego-Valladares M, Climent-Grana E, Marti-Pastor A, et al. Palliative Sedation in COVID-19 End-of-Life Care. Retrospective Cohort Study. Medicina (Kaunas). 2021;57(9):873. doi: 10.3390/medicina57090873. PMID: 34577796; PMCID: PMC8470831.

27. Weng B, Jin J, Huang L, Tong X, Jiao W, Wang Y, et al. Risk factors associated with functional decline in older hospital survivors with acute lower respiratory tract infections: a prospective cohort study. BMC Geriatrics. 2024;24(1): 208. doi: 10.1186/s12877-024-04838-0. PMID: 38424506; PMCID: PMC10902937.

28. Tavares J, Sa-Couto P, Reis JD, Boltz M, Capezuti E. The Role of Frailty in Predicting 3 and 6 Months Functional Decline in Hospitalized Older Adults: Findings from a Secondary Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(13):7126. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18137126. PMID: 34281063; PMCID: PMC8297187. https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v74.124193

Dimensions

PlumX

Visitas a la página del resumen del artículo

0

Descargas

Los datos de descarga aún no están disponibles.

Cómo citar

Marulanda-López, J. E., Delgado-Arias, L. M., & Pineda-Hernández, P. J. (2026). Relación entre el número comorbilidades, índice de Barthel y estancia hospitalaria en adultos en final de vida que requirieron sedación paliativa. Revista De La Facultad De Medicina, 74, e124193. https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v74.124193