Publicado

2010-04-01

Síndrome de disfunción cognitiva del perro como modelo de investigación de las enfermedades neurodegenerativas del humano

Cognitive dysfunction syndrome in dog senior: a suitable model for human neurodegenerative diseases?

Palabras clave:

manifestaciones neurológicas, trastornos del conocimiento, enfermedad de Alzheimer, modelos animales, enfermedades neurodegenerativas, demencia. (es)
neurologic manifestations, cognition disorders, Alzheimer disease, models, animal, neurodegenerative diseases, dementia. (en)

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Autores/as

  • Diana Y. Gallego Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá
  • Judith Figueroa Docente Departamento de Ciencias para la Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá
  • Camilo A. Orozco Docente Departamento de Ciencias para la Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá
En humanos y caninos, el proceso de envejecimiento aumenta el riesgo de padecer enfermedades neurodegenerativas tales como la enfermedad de Alzheimer y el síndrome de disfunción cognitiva de perros senior. Estos síndromes demenciales provocan alteraciones patológicas en diferentes áreas cerebrales, generando un evidente déficit cognitivo caracterizado por cambios comportamentales como alteración en los procesos de memoria y aprendizaje. Los efectos deletéreos sobre la calidad de vida en pacientes humanos afectados por la enfermedad de Alzheimer, promueven la necesidad de encontrar patologías similares que afecten a otras especies, haciendo de estas, modelos experimentales útiles para la investigación de los padecimientos humanos. Recientemente ha sido sugerida una estrecha similitud entre varias de las características clínicas, anatómicas y fisiopatológicas propias de la enfermedad de Alzheimer y el síndrome de disfunción cognitiva de perros senior, en las que se incluye la formación y acumulación de placas amiloideas, apoptosis de neuronas colinérgicas con la consiguiente disminución del neurotransmisor Acetil-colina, déficit cognitivo de tipo progresivo y alteraciones en el ciclo sueñovigilia, entre otras. Así, el avance en el conocimiento de los procesos implicados en la fisiopatología del síndrome de disfunción cognitiva de perros senior, y tras reconocer sus similitudes con los ocurridos durante la enfermedad de Alzheimer, ha facilitado los estudios que tienen como objetivo la comprensión de algunos aspectos que aún no han sido muy bien detallados en las enfermedades neurodegenerativas humanas. Además, al considerar la alta probabilidad de padecer el síndrome de disfunción cognitiva de perros senior, que se identifica en algunas poblaciones caninas, da cabida a la posibilidad de proponer al perro, como un modelo óptimo de experimentación para la investigación de los procesos neurodegenerativos asociados al envejecimiento de los humanos.

In humans and canines, the aging process increases the risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and cognitive dysfunction syndrome in senior dogs. These pathological changes in different brain areas cause dementia syndromes, generating an apparent cognitive deficit characterized by behavioral changes such as alterations in memory and learning processes. The deleterious effects on quality of life in human patient affected by AD, promote the need to find similar pathologies affecting other species, making these, experimental models useful for the investigation of human suffering.

Recently it has been suggested a close similarity between several of the clinical, anatomical and physiological characteristic of the Alzheimer's disease and the cognitive dysfunction syndrome senior dogs, which includes the formation and accumulation of amyloid plaques, apoptosis of cholinergic neurons with a consequent reduction of the neurotransmitter acetyl - hill, progressive type cognitive deficits and alterations in the sleep-wake cycle, among others. Thus, progress in understanding the processes involved in the pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction syndrome senior dogs, and recognizing their similarities to those that occurred during the Alzheimer's disease, has facilitated studies aimed at understanding some aspects that have not been well detailed neurodegenrativas disease in humans. Moreover, considering the high probability of getting the cognitive dysfunction syndrome senior dogs, which is identified in several canine populations, allows for the possibility of proposing the dog changes, as an optimal model for research experimentate neurodegenerative processes associated with aging in humans.

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Gallego, D. Y., Figueroa, J., & Orozco, C. A. (2010). Síndrome de disfunción cognitiva del perro como modelo de investigación de las enfermedades neurodegenerativas del humano. Revista De La Facultad De Medicina, 58(2), 142-154. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/revfacmed/article/view/16021