Published

2008-01-01

Determinación de la susceptibilidad a drogas de primera línea en aislamientos de Mycobacterium Tuberculosis por la técnica del tubo indicador de crecimiento micobacteriano

Determining the susceptibility to first-line drugs in M. tuberculosis isolates using the mycobacteria growth indicator tube method

Keywords:

tuberculosis, MGIT, resistencia bacteriana a drogas, susceptibilidad. (es)
tuberculosis, MGIT, drug resistance, susceptibility. (en)

Authors

  • Claudia Rocío Sierra Parada Profesora Cátedra, Bacterióloga, Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca
  • Édgar Alberto Sánchez Morales Profesor Asistente, Especialista Medicina Interna -Neumología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá.
  • Sandra Consuelo Henao Riveros Profesora Asistente, Bacterióloga, Magíster en Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá.
  • Alfredo Saavedra Rodríguez Profesor Asociado, Especialista Medicina Interna -Neumología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá.
Antecedentes. La aparición de aislamientos de Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistentes a los medicamentos ha hecho que se busquen métodos más rápidos y confiables para la determinación de la susceptibilidad a las drogas antituberculosas.
Objetivo. Determinación de la susceptibilidad a drogas antituberculosas de primera línea en aislamientos de M. tuberculosis utilizando el método del tubo indicador de crecimiento micobacteriano (MGIT).
Material y métodos. Se estudiaron 49 aislamientos de M. tuberculosis procedentes del laboratorio de micobacteriología del departamento de Microbiología de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Se evaluó y comparó el método MGIT para la determinación de la resistencia o susceptibilidad a rifampicina, isoniacida, etambutol y estreptomicina con la prueba de oro, el método de las proporciones múltiples (PM).
Resultados. Por el método de las PM de los 49 aislamientos, 26 (53.0%) fueron sensibles a los cuatro antibióticos, 12 (24.5%) resistentes a un antibiótico y 11 (22.5%) a más de un antibiótico. Por el método MGIT de los 49 aislamientos, 31 (63.3%) fueron sensibles a los cuatro antibióticos, ocho (16.3%) resistentes a un antibiótico y 10 (20.6 %) resistentes a más de un antibiótico. Los porcentajes de concordancia observada oscilaron entre 83.7 y 97.9% y el índice kappa estuvo entre 0.61 y 0.83 para los diferentes antibióticos analizados. La sensibilidad del método MGIT a rifampicina, isoniacida, etambutol y estreptomicina fue de 88.9, 95.2, 62.5 y 58 por ciento respectivamente y la especificidad fue 97.7, 92.3, 98.8 y 98.4 por ciento respectivamente. Por el método MGIT se aislaron cepas resistentes de M. tuberculosis en un tiempo promedio de 7.85 días.
Conclusiones. El método MGIT permite la obtención de resultados confiables principalmente a isoniacida y rifampicina que son los antibióticos que determinan la multirresistencia del M. tuberculosis y en menor medida para estreptomicina y etambutol.
Background. The appearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates resistant to drugs has triggered the search for quicker and more reliable methods to determine the susceptibility to anti-tuberculosis drugs.
Objective. To evaluate the susceptibility of M. tuberculosis isolates to anti-tuberculosis first line drugs by Mycobacterium growth indicator tube method (MGIT).
Materials and methods. Forty-nine isolates of M. tuberculosis were tested, coming from the Mycobacteriology Laboratory of Microbiology Department of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia. The MGIT method was evaluated and compared in order to determine resistance or susceptibility to rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol and streptomycin with the gold standard method, the multiple proportion method (PM).
Results. With the PM method, of 49 isolates, 26 (53.0%) were sensitive to all four antibiotics, 12 (24.5%) were resistant to one antibiotic and 11 (22.5%) to more than one antibiotic. Using the MGIT method, of 49 isolates, 31 (63.3%) were sensitive to all four antibiotics, 8 (16.3%) were resistant to one antibiotic and 10 (20.6%) were resistant to more than one antibiotic. The concordance percentages observed oscillated between 83.7% and 97.9% and the kappa index was between 0.61 and 0.83 for the different antibiotics analyzed. The sensitivity of the MGIT method to the rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol and streptomycin was of 88.9, 95.2, 62.5 and 58% respectively and specifity was of 97.7, 92.3, 98.8 y 98.4% respectively. Using the MGIT method, isolates resistant to M. tuberculosis were determined in an average time of 7.85 days.
Conclusions. The MGIT method permits obtaining reliable results in less time than conventional methods with isoniazid and rifampicin which are the antibiotics that determine the multi-resistance of M tuberculosis and to a lesser degree to streptomycin and ethambutol.

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Sierra Parada, C. R., Sánchez Morales, Édgar A., Henao Riveros, S. C., & Saavedra Rodríguez, A. (2008). Determining the susceptibility to first-line drugs in M. tuberculosis isolates using the mycobacteria growth indicator tube method. Revista De La Facultad De Medicina, 56(1), 11-20. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/revfacmed/article/view/16046