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Evaluación de los síntomas emocionales dentro del constructo de calidad de vida en pacientes con cáncer empleando el escalamiento multidimensional
Evaluating emotional symptoms within a quality of life construct in cancer patients using multidimensional scaling
Palabras clave:
calidad de vida, cuestionario, neoplasias gástricas, neoplasias colorectales, análisis factorial, emociones, síntomas afectivos. (es)quality of life, questionnaires, stomach neoplasms, colorectal neoplasms, facto analysis, statistical, emotions, affective symptoms. (en)
Antecedentes. El funcionamiento emocional ha mostrado estimadores de validez y confiabilidad menores que otras dimensiones medidas en las escalas de calidad de vida. Por esto, la consistencia de estos ítems se debe tener en cuenta al utilizar estos instrumentos en diferentes contextos culturales.
Objetivos. Describir el funcionamiento de los ítems que miden el dominio emocional en las escalas EORTC QLQC30 y FACT-G en pacientes con cáncer.
Material y métodos. Aplicación de las escalas EORTC QLQ-C30 y FACT-G a 409 pacientes con cáncer gástrico o colorrectal que asistieron al Instituto Nacional de Cancerología durante el período 2006-2010. La evaluación de los síntomas emocionales en las escalas se hizo mediante la técnica de escalamiento multidimensional.
Resultados. La estructura bidimensional fue la más adecuada para el análisis. En ambas escalas los ítems se agrupan de acuerdo con las dimensiones del modelo teórico. En EORTC QLQ-C30 los ítems del dominio emocional mostraron una pobre correlación con los otros componentes de la escala. En FACT–G, el dominio del estado emocional mostró una estructura heterogénea y mayor correlación con los síntomas físicos.
Conclusión. Al medir la calidad de vida en esta muestra, los síntomas emocionales mostraron pobre correlación con los otros componentes del constructo. Estos hallazgos podrían ser explicados por diferencias culturales en la expresión emocional o cambios en el significado relacionados con la traducción.
Background. The available estimators for emotional functioning have less validity and reliability than other dimensions measured by quality of life scales. These items' consistency must thus be evaluated when such instruments are used in differing cultural contexts.
Objectives. Describing the functioning of items for measuring the emotional domain on EORTC QLQ-C30 and FACT-G scales in cancer patients.
Material and methods. EORTC QLQ-C30 and FACTG scales were used with 409 gastric or colorectal cancer patients attending the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología from 2006-2010. The multidimensional scaling technique was used for evaluating emotional symptoms on these scales.
Results. A bi-dimensional structure was the most suitable for the analysis. Items are grouped on both scales according to the theoretical model's dimensions. The emotional domain items on EORTC QLQ-C30 had poor correlation with other components on the scale whilst the FACT–G emotional state domain had heterogeneous structure and greater correlation with physical symptoms.
Conclusion. Emotional symptoms were poorly correlated with the construct's other components when measuring quality of life in our sample. Such findings could be explained by cultural differences in emotional expression or changes in meaning related to the translation of the terms from English.
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