Comparación de la ganancia de peso de neonatos prematuros alimentados con lactancia materna exclusiva con énfasis en la fracción emulsión, lactancia mixta y sucedáneos
Comparing the weight gain of premature babies fed exclusively on breast milk (emphasising hindmilk) to that of those receiving mixed breastfeeding and those fed on human breast milk substitutes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v62n3sup.40740Palabras clave:
neonato prematuro, lactancia materna, fracción emulsión y sucedáneos. (es)Infant, Premature, Birth Weight, Breast Feeding (en)
Antecedentes. Las intervenciones relacionadas con la alimentación en los neonatos prematuros promueven tanto la salud inmediata como a lo largo de la vida y tienen un impacto significativo en los niveles de morbimortalidad neonatal e infantil (3).
Objetivo. Determinar si los bebés prematuros que se alimentaban con lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) con énfasis en la fracción emulsión –final de la toma–, ganaron peso adecuadamente, comparados con los que se alimentan con lactancia mixta (LMM) o de sucedáneos (LMS).
Materiales y métodos. El estudio fue descriptivo, analítico, y observacional, tipo cohorte; se adelantó por dos meses y medio, entre el 31 de agosto y el 27 de septiembre del año 2007 en la consulta externa de niño sano del Hospital Roosevelt. Se enroló a 48 pacientes. Se les tomó las medidas antropométricas de peso y talla, y se siguieron por el período necesario para que alcanzaran un peso de 2,5kg.
Resultados. La mayoría pesaron entre 1.000 y 1.500g al nacer. La media de ganancia diaria de peso de los que recibían LME fue de 32,4+9,2g, de LMM fue de 32+7g y de sucedáneos fue de 36,2+7,3g. Comparando la media de ganancia de peso de todos los grupos, se encontró que no existía diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p=0,32), al igual que la ganancia diaria de talla (p=0,44).
Conclusiones. Cínicamente, se evidenció que se obtienen ganancias de peso y talla adecuadas en bebés prematuros utilizando LME comparables a las obtenidas utilizando lactancia mixta y sucedáneos.
Background. Interventions aimed at improving premature babies' feeding are likely to improve infants' immediate- and longer-term health and have a significant impact on neonatal and infant mortality levels (2,3).
Objective. Determining whether premature babies exclusively fed on breast milk (i.e. exclusive breastfeeding - EBF), emphasising hindmilk, gained suitable weight compared to those receiving a mixed form of lactation and/or milk substitutes.
Materials and methods. This was an analytic and observational cohort study which lasted two and a half months between August 31st and September 27th 2007 at the Roosevelt Hospital's Healthy Children's Outpatient department; 48 patients were enrolled. Anthropometric measurements were taken regarding weight and size; premature babies were periodically followed-up until they reached 2.5 kg weight.
Results. Most premature babies weighed 1,000 to 1,500 grams when born. Most of the group had received mixed forms of lactation. The average daily weight gained by EBF was 32.4+9.2 g; those having received mixed lactation gained an average 32+7g. Those fed on substitutes gained a daily average of 36.2+7.3g. No statistically significant differences were discovered when comparing average weight gain amongst the three groups (p=0.32) or regarding daily gain in size (p=0.44).
Conclusions. The results provided clinical evidence that suitable gains in weight and size can be obtained for EBF premature babies compared to the results for feeding a baby with mixed forms of lactation or substitutes.
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