Estimación del agua corporal total y del peso seco usando impedancia bioeléctrica tetrapolar de multifrecuencia en pacientes en hemodiálisis. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Unidad Renal Fundación Hospital San Carlos, Cruz Roja y Centro de Investigación

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2015-01-01

Estimación del agua corporal total y del peso seco usando impedancia bioeléctrica tetrapolar de multifrecuencia en pacientes en hemodiálisis. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Unidad Renal Fundación Hospital San Carlos, Cruz Roja y Centro de Investigación

Total body water and dry weight estimation by using multi-frequency tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance

Palabras clave:

Insuficiencia renal crónica, hemodiálisis, composición corporal, bioimpedancia tetrapolar multifrecuencia, peso seco, agua total corporal. (es)
Renal dialysis, Body composition, Ideal body weight, Body water (en)

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Autores/as

Doris Ramirez de Peña Departamento de Nutrición Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
Dagoberto Almanza Hospital San Carlos. Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
Luis Alberto Ángel Departamento de Medicina Interna. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.

Resumen (es)
Resumen (en)

Antecedentes. La medición del "peso seco" en pacientes renales se ha tornado difícil por el sinnúmero de variables que en él intervienen, dada la importancia de conocerlo por cuanto con él se determina el tratamiento diálitico, farmacólogico y nutricional se ha trabajado en diferentes ecuaciones y métodos para obtenerlo.

Objetivo. Describir la composición corporal, el agua corporal total y el peso seco de pacientes con enfermedad renal en Hemodiálisis

Materiales y Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en seis fases, desde el año 2001 al 2010. Con el método de BIA-1 Y BIA-4 (bioimpedancia de unifrecuencia y tetrapolar) y la ecuación Ramírez-Almanza. Para la determinación del peso seco se utilizaron los valores de normovolemia e hipervolemia y se utilizó un nuevo instrumento para diagnóstico nutricional VGS-MIS.

Resultados. El 50% de los pacientes estudiados tenían un diagnóstico de Diabetes e Hipertensión, el 87% con riesgo leve de desnutrición, solo el 3% sin riesgo de desnutrición.

El punto de cohorte de la Resistencia dada por la bioimpedancia de 550 permite determinar que pacientes con valores por debajo de éste son sintomáticos con una alta sensibilidad 73% y una especificidad de 50%. Para el agua total corporal es posible utilizar la ecuación Ramirez-Almanza pues tiene una buena correlacion mediana (0.76)con el índice de impedancia de Kushner. La VGS-MIS es el mejor método de valoración encontrada hasta ahora para paciente renal porque involucra diferentes parámetros físicos, nutricionales, clìnicos y bioquímicos.

Conclusión. El uso de la Bioimpedancia en paciente en hemodiálisis ha permitido una mayor exactitud en el cálculo del agua corporal total, peso seco y estado nutricional de los pacientes en hemodiálisis.

Background. Dry weight assessment in renal patients has got difficult because of many variables which are taken into account to do it. Because it is used to determine the dialytic, pharmacological and nutritional treatment in such patients, it has worked on different equations and methods in order to obtain it.

Objetive. To describe body composition, total body water and dry weight of patiens who suffer from renal disease and are under hemodialysis.

Materials and methods. A transversal descriptive study was carried out by six phases from the year 2001 to 2010. It was used the Unifrequency Tetrapolar Bioimpedance (BIA-1), the Multifrequency Tetrapolar Bioimpedance (BIA-4) and the Ramírez-Almanza equation. Normovolemia and hipervolemia values were used to establish dry weight and a new instrument was used in nutritional diagnosis to global subjective valuation in renal patient under hemodialysis, the Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS).

Results. 50% of the studied patients had a diabetes and hipertension diagnosis, 87% were in a low risk of desnutrition, just 3% without any risk of desnutrition.

The Resistance cohort point given by the bioimpedance of 550 allows to determine who patients with values under of this are somatics with 73% a hight sensibility and a 50% specificity. To total water weight it is possible to use the Ramirez-Almanza equation due to it has a good mediana correlation (0.76) with the Kushner Impedance Index. VGS-MIS is the best assessment method used until know on renal patient because it involves different physic, nutritional, clinic and biochemic parameters.

Conclusion. Bioimpedance use on patient under hemodialysis has led a higher precision in the total body water, dry weight and nutritional state in such patients.

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Citas

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