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Propuesta de un protocolo de electro-estimulación para el tratamiento de úlceras por presión grado II y III
Proposal of electrical stimulation protocol for the treatment of pressure ulcers grade II and III
Palabras clave:
Úlcera por Presión, Estimulación Eléctrica, Cicatrización de Heridas, Electrofisiología (es)Pressure Ulcer, Electric Stimulation, Wound Healing, Electrophysiology (en)
Antecedentes. El uso de estimulación eléctrica como terapia ayudante para la curación de heridas se remonta al año 1700. No obstante, a pesar de los avances científicos del siglo XX solo se conocen estudios experimentales hacia la década de los 70, cuando se inicia un proceso investigativo con el fin de conocer a mayor profundidad las propiedades eléctricas de la piel y el efecto que tiene la estimulación eléctrica en las reacciones fisiológicas de las células epidérmicas para aumentar y favorecer la curación de heridas.
Objetivo. Proponer un protocolo de electro-estimulación para el tratamiento de úlceras por presión grados II y III, con base en la mejor evidencia reportada.
Materiales y métodos. Búsqueda de artículos en diferentes bases de datos utilizando los títulos de términos médicos (Medical Subjects Headings) MESH, con la utilización de los vocablos "Wound Healing", "Pressure Ulcer" y el sub encabezado "Electrophysiology" y "Electrical Stimulation".
Resultados. Después de realizar el análisis de la información se presenta la fundamentación de los parámetros que contiene la propuesta del protocolo (tipo de corriente, forma de onda, intensidad, campo eléctrico, frecuencia); se sustenta el cambio de polaridad, ubicación de electrodos y tiempo de tratamiento.
Conclusión. Ante la heterogeneidad de parámetros en la aplicación de electro-estimulación en el proceso de cicatrización de úlceras por presión, se propone desde la evidencia, un protocolo de electro-estimulación fundamentado en los procesos biológicos, eléctricos y mecánicos de la piel.
Background. The use of electrical stimulation as adjuvant therapy for wound healing dates back to 1700. However, despite the scientific advances of the twentieth century, experimental studies are known only since the 70s, when research process were initiated in order to study the electrical properties of the skin and the effect of electrical stimulation physiological responses of skin cells to enhance and promote wound healing.
Objective. To propose a protocol of electrical stimulation for the treatment of pressure ulcers grade II and III, based on the best evidence reported.
Materials and methods. Research of articles in different databases using the titles of medical terms (Medical Subject Headings) MESH, with the use of the words "Wound Healing", "Pressure Ulcer" and the sub-heading "Electrophysiology" and "Electrical Stimulation".
Results. The analysis of the information presented substantiation of the parameters contained in the proposed protocol (AC, waveform, intensity, electric field frequency) underlying the change in polarity, electrode location and time treatment.
Conclusion. Given the heterogeneity of parameters in the application of electrical stimulation on the healing process of pressure ulcers, an electro-stimulation protocol is proposed based on biological processes, electrical and mechanical skin.
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Derechos de autor 2013 Revista de la Facultad de Medicina
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