Utilización de terapias herbales por parte de practicantes de terapias complementarias y alternativas en Bogotá

Publicado

2014-01-01

Utilización de terapias herbales por parte de practicantes de terapias complementarias y alternativas en Bogotá

Use of herbal therapies by complementary and alternative therapies practitioners in Bogotá

Palabras clave:

Terapias Complementarias, Medicina de Hierbas, Interacciones de Drogas, Trastornos del Humor, Ansiedad, Trastornos Psicóticos, Terapéutica (es)
Complementary Therapies, Herbal Medicine, Drug Interactions, Mood Disorders, Anxiety, Psychotic Disorders, Therapeutics (en)

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Autores/as

José Manuel Calvo Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá.
Edwin Duque Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. Colombia.
Ricardo Sánchez Pedraza Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá.

Resumen (es)
Resumen (en)

Antecedentes. Dentro de las Medicinas Complementarias y Alternativas, las terapias herbales son de las más utilizadas. Es escasa la evidencia sobre el tipo de terapias herbales usadas en Colombia para el tratamiento de trastornos psiquiátricos.

Objetivo. Explorar, en un grupo de practicantes de MCA cómo se da el uso de terapias herbales para el tratamiento de los síndromes psiquiátricos más frecuentes (depresión, ansiedad, psicosis, manía).

Materiales y métodos. Se efectuó una búsqueda de practicantes de MCA en anuncios de publicidad, internet y referencias de pacientes. De 130 terapeutas ubicados, solo 25 aceptaron participar. A cada terapeuta se le realizó una entrevista en profundidad en la que se exploró el uso de estas terapias con la ayuda de viñetas que ilustraban casos representativos.

Resultados. Se identificaron 17 productos herbales diferentes para tratar trastornos psiquiátricos. En los casos correspondientes a psicosis, depresión y ansiedad, se utilizaron 8, 10 y 7 productos diferentes, respectivamente; en el caso de la manía solo se reportó el uso de un producto. Se utilizan combinaciones de terapias herbales y de diferentes tipos de terapias complementarias y alternativas. La mayoría de productos han sido estudiados en investigaciones científicas para evaluar su utilidad terapéutica.

Conclusiones. Los psiquiatras deben reconocer que el uso de terapias herbales es una práctica frecuente entre sus pacientes. El desconocimiento sobre su uso puede estar limitando la disponibilidad de nuevas modalidades terapéuticas, afectando la relación médico paciente y poniendo en riesgo a los pacientes ante la posibilidad de interacciones medicamentosas graves.

Background. In Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM), herbal therapies are the most frequent modality used. There is scarce evidence of the types of herbal therapies used in Colombia for the treatment of psychiatric disorders.

Objective. To explore how herbal therapies are used by traditional medicine practitioners for the treatment of the most frequent psychiatric disorders (depression, anxiety, mania, psychosis).

Materials and methods. Traditional medicine practitioners were located searching newspapers, internet, radio commercials, printed advertising and patient's references. Out of 130 practitioners only 25 accepted to participate. An in-depth interview was conducted to explore how these therapies were used, using vignettes that served to illustrate representative clinical syndromes.

Results. 17 herbal products have been used by CAM practitioners to treat psychiatric disorders. For treating psychosis, depression and mania 8, 10 and 7 different products were used respectively. Only one product was used to treat mania. Combination of different herbal products and diverse CAM systems is a frequent practice. Most of these products have been scientifically studied for treating health conditions.

Conclusions. For psychiatrists an understanding of patient's use of CAM is important in order to improve the therapeutic alliance, to prevent unexpected complications related to herb-drug interactions and to explore potential new treatments.

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