Prevalencia de sintomatología depresiva en una población estudiantil de la facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá Colombia

Publicado

2006-04-01

Prevalencia de sintomatología depresiva en una población estudiantil de la facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá Colombia

Depressive symptoms prevalence, in one medical student population. Universidad Militar Nueva Granada School of Medicine. Bogota-Colombia

Palabras clave:

síntomas depresivos, estudiantes del área de la salud, clasificación, estudios epidemiológicos, psiquiatría preventiva, salud mental, Colombia (es)
depression, students, health occupations, classification, epidemiologic studies, preventive psychiatry, mental health, Colombia (en)

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Autores/as

Piedad Marcela Guavita Falla Médico Cirujano Universidad Militar Nueva Granada. Docente Temporal Semiología Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá.
Pablo Alfonso Sanabria Ferrand Psicólogo Magíster en Psicología con énfasis en Salud. Especialista en Epidemiología y Análisis de datos. Docente de Investigación Facultad de Medicina Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá.

Resumen (es)
Resumen (en)

Antecedentes. El trastorno depresivo es una las entidades clínicas más investigadas en la población médica; también se han estudiado los síntomas depresivos en el ámbito universitario. Los niveles inusualmente altos de estrés y depresión en los estudiantes de medicina tienen implicaciones importantes que se extienden más allá de la educación médica.
Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia y severidad de la sintomatología depresiva en la población estudiantil de primero a décimo semestres, de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, en la ciudad de Bogotá y valorar posibles factores asociados.
Material y métodos. Estudio descriptivo transversal. Muestra no aleatoria de 295 estudiantes de medicina de 17-28 años (81 por ciento de la población total de estudiantes). Se administro, en sus salones de clase, la Escala Auto-aplicada de Zung para depresión. Se obtuvo y clasificó según severidad la prevalencia de sintomatología depresiva, también se obtuvieron datos pertinentes a edad, género, conformación familiar, si el estudiante tenía padre y/o madre militares y semestre académico. Los semestres se clasificaron en niveles bajo, medio y alto, de acuerdo al nivel adaptativo, transición de ciencias básicas a clínicas, exigencias y carga académica. Se realizó un análisis de correlación y de asociación entre los factores mencionados y la prevalencia de los síntomas depresivos.
Resultados. La prevalencia de sintomatología depresiva leve fue de 26,1 por ciento, 21,7 por ciento de moderada y 5,4 por ciento de severa. Con una prevalencia global de 53,2 por ciento. Esta prevalencia disminuyó desde la edad de 21 años en adelante, aunque no de forma relevante; tampoco se halló relación significativa entre la edad y la presencia de síntomas depresivos. Hubo diferencia importante entre hombres y mujeres, hallándose una mayor prevalencia de síntomas depresivos en el género femenino (p=0,028). Se evidenció una relación significativa entre la presencia de síntomas depresivos y los niveles semestrales bajos (p=0,004), los estudiantes que no tenían padres militares (p=0,012) y aquellos que convivían con abuelos (p=0,011).
Conclusión. La sintomatología depresiva es importante en la población estudiantil médica. Los estudiantes de medicina tuvieron el doble de probabilidad de sufrir de síntomas depresivos que la población general. Los resultados son útiles para el análisis de la salud mental en el medio universitario y como guía para planear estudios longitudinales. Se requieren estudios de mejor diseño para confirmar los hallazgos aquí expuestos. Se requiere intervención mediante actividades de promoción, prevención e identificación de casos en las facultades de medicina.

Background. Depressive disorder is one of the most investigated clinic entities in medical population and even depressive symptoms have been preliminary studied at medical schools. Unusually high stress and depression levels among medical students have important consequences that are likely to persist beyond the duration of medical education.
Objectives. Determining the prevalence of depressive symptoms, its severity and associated factors in student population at Universidad Militar Nueva Granada medical school from first to tenth semester in Bogotá city.
Materials and methods. Cross-sectional epidemiological study. Non-probabilistic sample of 295 medical students aged 17-28 (81% from total population). The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale was administered to the subjects in their classroom obtaining the depressive symptoms prevalence and then classifying it in depressive levels. Factors like age, gender, academic semester, family members, and if student had military parents were evaluated. Each semester was classified in three categories: low, medium and high, according to adaptation, academic workload, and transition from basic to clinic sciences. Correlation analysis and chi-square were used for evaluating the association between depressive symptoms and the factors mentioned above.
Results. Depressive symptoms prevalence was 26, 1% for mild severity level, 21, 7% for moderate level and 5, 4 for severe level. Global prevalence was 53, 2%. It was shown that this prevalence decreased from the age of 21 upward, but like between age and depressive symptoms, there wasnt significant association. It was found an important difference between males and females, with females having more depressive symptoms (p=0,028). Also there were significant associations between depressive symptoms and low semester levels (p=0,004), students without military parents (p=0,012), and subjects living with grandparents (p=0,011).
Conclusions. Depressive symptoms have an important representation in medical student population. Medical students had twice probability to suffer depressive symptoms than general population. The results are useful for mental health analysis at university environments and to guide prospective studies. Further epidemiological investigations and clinic evaluation at medical schools are necessary for reach an exact and reliable diagnostic level. Likewise, promotion and prevention health activities that detect vulnerable subjects are very important at public health and preventive psychiatry.

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