Leptina y Lactancia materna: Beneficios fisiológicos

Publicado

2015-01-01

Breastfeeding and leptin: physiological benefits

Palabras clave:

Lactancia materna, Leptina, Enfermedades (es)
Breastfeeding, Leptin, Diseases (en)

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Autores/as

Fabiola Becerra-Bulla Departamento de Nutrición Humana. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
Laura Bonilla-Bohórquez Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética. Departamento de Nutrición Humana. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
Juliana Rodríguez-Bonilla Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética. Departamento de Nutrición Humana. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.

Resumen (es)
Resumen (en)

Antecedentes. La leptina se asocia al control del apetito y a la regulación del gasto energético; además, cumple con otras funciones diversas en el organismo, por ejemplo en la lactancia materna, la cual ha sido poco estudiada y requiere más estudios al respecto.

Objetivo . Identificar si existe o no evidencia de los beneficios fisiológicos de la leptina para la madre, durante el periodo de lactancia.

Materiales y métodos. Búsqueda sistemática en las siguientes bases de datos: ElSevier, PubMed, EBSCo, ScienceDirect, Scielo, Access Medicine, NCBI, Medline, Clinical Key ElSevier, Academic Search Complete y Jstor con términos MeSH.Como criterios de inclusión se tomaron artículos de revisión, revisiones sistemáticas, investigaciones descriptivas, experimentales y causiexperimentales en inglés o español, en el periodo comprendido entre 2003 y 2014.

Resultados. Se revisaron 52 artículos. De estos, se excluyeron aquellos cuyo aporte no contaba con suficiente evidencia (determinada por el número de sujetos en la muestra empleada), el año de realización o la relevancia de sus resultados.

Se encontró que la leptina más allá de cumplir con múltiples funciones metabólicas, como controlar el apetito y saciedad; también juega un papel importante como agente protector ante posibles infecciones o enfermedades tales como el cáncer y la regulación de la tensión arterial. Asimismo ayuda en la regulación emocional en la madre lactante y, en la producción de prolactina, hormona implicada en la producción de la leche.

Conclusión. La lactancia materna no solamente tiene beneficios para el infante, sino que también para la madre, en tanto que se la ha relacionado con la activación de cadenas de señalización de leptina, las cuales disminuyen los riesgos de enfermedades como hipertensión, obesidad, cáncer y depresión, entre otras.

Background. Leptin is associated with appetite control and regulation of energy expenditure, however meets many diverse functions in the body, the role of leptin in breastfeeding has been little studied and yet more studies are required.

Objective. Identify whether there is evidence of the physiological benefits to the mother of leptin during lactation period.

Materials and methods. Available scientific literature, included in the ElSevier, PubMed, EBSCo, ScienceDirect, Scielo, AccessMedicine, NCBI, Medline, Clinical Key ElSevier, Academic Search Complete and Jstor database. The article´s selection was made evaluating the relevance with review´s topic.

The inclusion criteria were review articles, systematic reviews in Spanish and English.

Results. The review included only 52 articles which have important scientific evidence. Some articles were excluded because their information is not about with the review or does not have enough scientific evidence.

The leptin is important above and beyond its metabolic functions, is a mediator in appetite and satiety control, inflammatory response, among others. It is related as a protector factor in specific diseases like cancer, infections, hormonal regulation an arterial pressure.

Conclusion. Breastfeeding not only has nutritional facts in infants, it has physiological benefits in mothers as well. It has been related with signaling pathways of leptin that decreases the risks in development of chronic diseases like cancer, obesity, hypertension and depression,among others.

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Citas

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